[ExpertScie]

In due course of evolution of living world, Venom had played the most important role in many aspects of life. It is mainly formed in the body as a defense mechanism as well as a weapon to get the food to survive.
During Evolution many species have develop their unique type of venom. These species are of reptiles, spiders, fishes, insects or even some species of birds and mammals. All venoms have one role to play as a common and that is to protect themselves from the predator. Different types of venoms have different mode of action on the body, such as they can be Neurotoxins, Cardio toxins, Nephrotoxins, and Neurotoxins etc., These venoms are made from different proteins having different three dimensional structure which when enter in the body can cause the damage to living organism. But many of recent research has focus light on its use as medicine if applied in micron quantity.

Basically venoms are biological proteins when enter in the body can attack any specific biochemical reaction or pathway within the body of organism and stops or altered the reaction so the main function of the organ or body will halted , due to which organism either get paralyzed or get dead. This specific property of venom has been correlated to the modern medicine or drugs. All types of drugs have a specific action on the body or system which is used as treatment to cure a disease or disorder.

Today many types of drugs have been formulated for various purposes of treatments; most of these drugs are mainly used as pain killers, many research shown venoms use in cancer treatment, cardiovascular, neurological, diabetes, and hypertension related issues. Modern science has started to discover venoms as a new way to treat these types of diseases or disorders by using their mode of action on the body. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE inhibitors) is the best drug class derived from peptide lead of venom, exenatide, a synthetic analogue of Exendin-4, is today widely used as treatment of type 2 diabetes. This is obtained from a venomous lizard, the Gila Monster, from the deserts of the Southwest USA and Mexico, has passed clinical trials and is now approved medicine for diabetes.

Many types of venom are now studied for their three-dimensional structure, there mode of action and their specific organs or receptor in the body where venoms act, so the same can be exploited for the purpose of treatment. Venom study have open vast field of biological science, many research have initiated on this front of biology. Lot of venoms from various reptiles have been studied now for their effect on blood, many types of venoms from snakes have proved to have help in reducing the viscosity of blood, (thinning effect), some sort of venom use as an anticoagulant, some venoms have direct effect on nerve conduction and have a selective effect on nervous system, which are now in use as a nerve stimulant. Venoms are now studied for their effect on hypertensions so can be used as a drug for blood pressure treatment. Another venoms or toxins from various species and not only from reptiles also prove to be useful. Scorpion venom are also open a new way for pain killer, it is now compare with morphine. Venoms from spiders also shown important get way to treat heart patients as some peptide from their toxins have help to elevate blood pressure and can be use in treating the atrial fibrillation. Some venom has proven that they can inhibit the cell growth which can be used in treating the cancer.

In modern age of science with the help of genetic engineering and protein engineering many venoms are now studied , during their studies various new learning have come which are again helping us to learn and understand how naturally formed venoms can be used as effective medicine for us to treat various illness today we are facing. Venoms are compositions of various proteins, some proteins found in the same venoms are very helpful which can be use as a drug, portion of the venom from deaths talker (scorpion) has the ability to treat the brain cancer. Venom from cobra snake has shown some promise in arthritis treatment.

All drugs have some sort of side effect in their use, but Venom has less or no side effect as such due to their high selectivity. This type of study have not only given us new way of thinking, new way of treatments but all this biodiversity and its immense correlation with the nature will definitely help us to build a healthy word to live which will be free from acute diseases.