Now a day's, countries all around the world are facing striking health challenges that include congestive heart failure and heart attacks. Though there are many breakthroughs in cardiovascular medicine and a successful approach to prevent or limit cardiovascular disease, repairing of damaged cell was a challenge. From a recent research it has found that adult and embryonic stem cells may be able to replace damaged heart muscle cells and establish new blood vessels to supply them.
For obtaining stem cells which is known as amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal (undifferentiated) cells (hAMCs), the investigators in Japan used amniotic membrane where an embryo develops. It is the inner lining of the sac. According to Shunichiro Miyoshi, M.D., Ph.D., co-author of the study, the amniotic membrane is used as medical waste and it is used when delivery is completed.
In laboratory studies-
* Heart muscle cells were transformed by hAMCs and 33% beating spontaneously.
* When hAMCs was injected after two weeks of a heart attack rat hearts showed 34%-39% improvement while untreated hearts failed in function
* When rat heart was injected with hAMCs after heart attack, marked area of damaged hear decreased 13%-18%.
* hAMCs were survived more than four weeks in the rat heart without being rejected by the recipient’s immune system, even without immunosuppressive medication.
According to Miyoshi, it is preferable to convert the ability of hAMCs into heart cell than mesenchymal cells derived from bone marrow or fat. As amniotic sac is a boundary between a developing fetus and a woman the implanted cells were not rejected. The immune system does not treat it as a foreign tissue because the amniotic membrane between them does not produce the proteins that immune systems use to identify foreign tissue. So it is clear that needed if hAMCs are used, the usual tissue-type matching (HLA typing) needed prior to transplantation would not be needed. And after transplantation no drugs for suppressing immune system is needed. Some findings also suggest that differentiation into different cells of various organs can be done by hAMCs.
According to Miyoshi, if we have to create a cell bank system to cover every HLA type, we will need to store a great amount of cells, many of which will never be used. But hAMCs do not require such type of system, so it is more cheap and preferable to all patients.
Some researchers who are working their experiments in larger animals and working to boost the number of heart cells generated by the hAMCs said that it need to do much work before testing hAMCs in humans.
Maritza E. Mayorga and Dr. Marc S. Penn of the Cleveland Clinic, wrote in an editorial in the journal that the investigators need to be congratulated for their careful work that has brought forward a cell type that may offer the real potential for off-the-shelf cardiac myocyte [muscle cell]-based therapy. So from overall discussion it is evident that stem cell therapy can be the best solution for damaged portion of your body. Further research is needed and then we will not be dependent upon the fate.
For obtaining stem cells which is known as amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal (undifferentiated) cells (hAMCs), the investigators in Japan used amniotic membrane where an embryo develops. It is the inner lining of the sac. According to Shunichiro Miyoshi, M.D., Ph.D., co-author of the study, the amniotic membrane is used as medical waste and it is used when delivery is completed.
In laboratory studies-
* Heart muscle cells were transformed by hAMCs and 33% beating spontaneously.
* When hAMCs was injected after two weeks of a heart attack rat hearts showed 34%-39% improvement while untreated hearts failed in function
* When rat heart was injected with hAMCs after heart attack, marked area of damaged hear decreased 13%-18%.
* hAMCs were survived more than four weeks in the rat heart without being rejected by the recipient’s immune system, even without immunosuppressive medication.
According to Miyoshi, it is preferable to convert the ability of hAMCs into heart cell than mesenchymal cells derived from bone marrow or fat. As amniotic sac is a boundary between a developing fetus and a woman the implanted cells were not rejected. The immune system does not treat it as a foreign tissue because the amniotic membrane between them does not produce the proteins that immune systems use to identify foreign tissue. So it is clear that needed if hAMCs are used, the usual tissue-type matching (HLA typing) needed prior to transplantation would not be needed. And after transplantation no drugs for suppressing immune system is needed. Some findings also suggest that differentiation into different cells of various organs can be done by hAMCs.
According to Miyoshi, if we have to create a cell bank system to cover every HLA type, we will need to store a great amount of cells, many of which will never be used. But hAMCs do not require such type of system, so it is more cheap and preferable to all patients.
Some researchers who are working their experiments in larger animals and working to boost the number of heart cells generated by the hAMCs said that it need to do much work before testing hAMCs in humans.
Maritza E. Mayorga and Dr. Marc S. Penn of the Cleveland Clinic, wrote in an editorial in the journal that the investigators need to be congratulated for their careful work that has brought forward a cell type that may offer the real potential for off-the-shelf cardiac myocyte [muscle cell]-based therapy. So from overall discussion it is evident that stem cell therapy can be the best solution for damaged portion of your body. Further research is needed and then we will not be dependent upon the fate.
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