[ExpertScie]

Genetic engineering is a tool which is helping medical and biotechnology field to continuously grow. DNA is the basic unit of genetics and a molecule in which all information related to life are coded. The complete knowledge of DNA and its scanning is employed in detection of mutated sequences. This genetic testing is direct examination of the DNA itself. These testing are of two types.
In first test, the researchers collects all samples and design a probe that is a short pieces of DNA whose sequences are complementary to the sequence of mutated sites. The probe will bind to the mutated sequence if it is present. This way the probe will find their complement within the base pairs of any individual genome. If the probe binds to the base pairs, it will flag mutation. This way it can be identified using first type of Genetic testing.
In second type of testing, the researcher actually conduct the test by comparing the sequence of DNA bases of patients genes to diseases in healthy. This helps in diagnostic of mutation by this alternative method.
There are many applications of genetic testing: (This includes but not limited to):
1) Identification of unaffected individuals carrying a copy of gene
for disease.
2) Forensic testing/ Identification testing.
3) Screening of newborn.
4) Symptomatic individual’s conformational diagnosis
5) Prenatal diagnosis screening.
6) Pre-symptomatic testing for evaluation of risk of developing
onset cancers. This way genetic testing is greatly applied in various fields, including biological science, medical science etc.