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Micropropagation - Plant Tissue Culture - Role of Growth Regulators
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Advantages of Micropropagation

1. Extremely high multiplication rates e.g. 10,00,000 plants/year from single explants. As a result this technique is highly suitable for rapid multiplication of rare genotypes and of plants having low multiplication rates.
2. Very small explants can be used for micropropagation, which is impossible with conventional techniques. Thus the technique is very valuable when only limited tissue is available.
3. During micropropagation, fungi and bacteria are mainly eliminated due to rejection of contaminated cultures. Therefore, the plants are obtained are clean.
4. Plants can be maintained in vitro in a pathogen free state and used for micropropagation. Such plants area easy to export since there is no quarantine problem and their packaging is easier due to smaller size.
5. It is possible to produce plants of one sex in case of dioecious species. This is done by selective multiplication of plants of desired sex.
6. In case of forest trees, mature elite trees can be identified and rapidly cloned by this technique.
7. Micropropagation can be carried out throughout the year independent of seasons.
8. In case of many ornamentals, tissue culture plants give better growth, more flowers and less fall out.

Limitations of Micropropagation:

1. High production cost has limited the application of this technique to more valuable ornamental crops and some fruit trees.
2. Suitable techniques of micropropagation are not available for many valuable species e.g. mango, coconut etc. Further research efforts are necessary to resolve many of the problems encountered, particularly with woody plant species.
3. Somaclonal variations may arise during in vitro culture, especially when a callus phase is involved. But in some species, e.g. banana, even shoot bud proliferation may lead to variation. But in most cases, including banana, the problem has been minimized by technique refinement and visual elimination of variants. In some ornamentals, the variants have been used as new varieties.
4. Vitrification may be a problem in some species.
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RE: Micropropagation - Plant Tissue Culture - Role of Growth Regulators - by SagarikaGhosh - 08-18-2013, 04:25 AM
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