[ExpertScie]

Mutations, is the change in the blue print of life and that blue print is our DNA in which all phenotypic expressions are coded. The Biotechnologist and researches in this field had today discovered that mutation does not only change the appearance but are involved in behavior of men and women’s!

Recent studies in this field had shown that with the mutation of BRCA gene (BRCA1 and BRCA2), lead young women’s to take complex decisions about life plans and feel differently about their view for treatment, relationship, childbearing as well as career! Thus it is very interesting fact that mutations are also involved in psychosocial consequences. Mutations had lead to human evolutions and may be to the evolution of their behavior which are being proved today with the studies of BRCA gene mutations and many other which are in progress! Also the type of mutations leads to chances of different types of diseases like women with inherit BRCA 1 mutation have increased risk of developing cancers related to breast & ovarian. While the mutation in BRCA2 gene leads to increase in risk of cancer of pancreas, stomach and gall bladder. Therefore research in mutation are helping to better understand its impact well in advance and thus helping scientists to cure and prevent related diseases.

Even though Mutation occurs but Survival of the species demands genetic stability! In nature, Mutations occurs but very rarely it remains uncorrected, because DNA, RNA replication and sequence are maintained with a very high fidelity. Even a small change in sequence gets corrected by the DNA repair mechanism. Most of the mutations are deleterious and are eliminated by natural selection process and mutation rate. Changes in hereditary instruction had shown the way of evolution on earth. Mutation is unpredictable. If mutation occur in somatic cells then that will not get pass on to next generation but if occurs in germile cells then it will fatal, as this may pass on to next generation.

Mutations are broadly categorized in six ways as Point mutation-change will occur in one gene sequence. Frame shift mutation -change occur as addition or deletion of one or more base sequence in gene, Deletion mutation-this mutation is more or less related to frame shift mutation but in this more bases deleted which may affect large number of genes in chromosome, Insertion mutation- is the addition of additional bases in gene, Inversion mutation- Entire DNA strand get inverted or say all base sequence get reversed, DNA expression Mutation- causes the variation in DNA expression process , so less or more protein get synthesized !