12-31-2013, 03:48 AM
Multi Drug resistance in Mycobactrium tuberculosis
The bacteria which cause disease called tuberculosis (TB) is gram positive bacteria and it can develop resistance to the antimicrobial drugs used to cure this disease. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is TB that does not respond to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs and whenever one someone search for a MDR-TB strain they first test for these two drugs.
The primary source of multidrug resistance is mis-management of TB treatment and person-to-person spreading. Most people with tuberculosis are cured by a strictly followed, six-months drug schedule that is provided to patients with support and supervision. Inappropriate or erroneous use of antimicrobial drugs or use of ineffective formulations of drugs, and premature treatment stoppage can cause drug resistance, which can then be transmitted, especially in crowded settings such as prisons and hospitals.
In few countries, it is becoming increasingly difficult to treat MDR-TB. Treatment choices are limited and expensive, recommended medicines are not always accessible, and patients experience many adverse effects from the drugs. In some cases even more stern drug-resistant tuberculosis might get developed. Extensively drug-resistant TB, XDR-TB, is a form of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis that responds to even smaller amount of available medicines. It has been reported in 92 countries worldwide. WHO defines the cases in India as extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis a severe form of drug-resistant TB. Other terms used in current news reports or scientific journals have not been clear by global TB experts.
The possible solutions to control drug-resistant TB are to:
• One must cure the TB patient the first time found around.
• Make sure adequate infection control systems are available in facilities where patients are treated.
• Make sure the appropriate use of recommended second-line drugs to treat this form of TB.
In recent year (2011-2012) an estimated 450,000 people developed MDR-TB in the whole world. It is estimated that about 9.7% of these cases were XDR-TB.
The bacteria which cause disease called tuberculosis (TB) is gram positive bacteria and it can develop resistance to the antimicrobial drugs used to cure this disease. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is TB that does not respond to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most powerful anti-TB drugs and whenever one someone search for a MDR-TB strain they first test for these two drugs.
The primary source of multidrug resistance is mis-management of TB treatment and person-to-person spreading. Most people with tuberculosis are cured by a strictly followed, six-months drug schedule that is provided to patients with support and supervision. Inappropriate or erroneous use of antimicrobial drugs or use of ineffective formulations of drugs, and premature treatment stoppage can cause drug resistance, which can then be transmitted, especially in crowded settings such as prisons and hospitals.
In few countries, it is becoming increasingly difficult to treat MDR-TB. Treatment choices are limited and expensive, recommended medicines are not always accessible, and patients experience many adverse effects from the drugs. In some cases even more stern drug-resistant tuberculosis might get developed. Extensively drug-resistant TB, XDR-TB, is a form of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis that responds to even smaller amount of available medicines. It has been reported in 92 countries worldwide. WHO defines the cases in India as extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis a severe form of drug-resistant TB. Other terms used in current news reports or scientific journals have not been clear by global TB experts.
The possible solutions to control drug-resistant TB are to:
• One must cure the TB patient the first time found around.
• Make sure adequate infection control systems are available in facilities where patients are treated.
• Make sure the appropriate use of recommended second-line drugs to treat this form of TB.
In recent year (2011-2012) an estimated 450,000 people developed MDR-TB in the whole world. It is estimated that about 9.7% of these cases were XDR-TB.
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