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Can Viruses treat Acne? Best Antibiotics against Acne
#1
How virus can save us from acne and which antibiotics are the most helpful against acne?

Around 85% of people in the world will experience problem with acne at least once in their life, while 40% of teens will have to deal with them during puberty. Between 40 and 50 million people is dealing with acne issue just in America. Cosmetic industry spends ~400 million dollars annually to find ideal drug or cream that could eliminate acne. So far, perfect solution has not been found, but pharmacies offer wide variety of creams and lotions that could minimize problems with skin to the some extent.

Recent discovery of 11 types of viruses which colonize human skin and kill bacteria responsible for acne forced dermatologists to look for acne solution in other direction. Bacteriophages are viruses that live and replicate inside bacterial cells. When they finish replication and become ready to find another “host” cell, they will release special enzyme called endolysin to digests bacterial peptidoglycans (building material of the cell wall). Without cell wall bacteria will die. Bacteriophages target Propionibacterium acnes (causative agent of acnes) specifically while human cells are of no interest for them. Unlike other virus species found in the nature, this group of bacteriophages showed extremely high percentage of genetic similarity - 85%, which means that all types of bacteriphages use the same mechanism to destroy bacterial cells. 95% of all viruses contain conserved DNA region that ecodes enzyme used in bacterial wall digestion - endolysin. Scientists speculate that acne can develop in people that don’t have large enough population of bacteriophages: without viruses to destroy them, bacteria will survive and induce inflammatory proccess in the skin resulting in acne formation. Everything discovered so far is very promising and scientists hope that they will find a way to isolate endolysin and turn it into new acne medicine in the near future.

Antibiotics are also often used to treat acne. Main issue with antibiotics is resistance that bacteria develop after some time (they are successful at the beginning, but their efficacy is time-limited) or duration of treatment (when people stop taking antibiotics therapy - acne will appear again).

Most commonly used antibiotics in treatment of acne:

- Tetracycline is a polyketide antibiotic of broad-spectrum of activity that inhibits protein synthesis in bacterial cell (bacteriostatic). Tetracycline could be found under brand names: Sumycin, Tetracyn, and Panmycin. Side effects associated with this drug are increased sensitivity to sun and reduced effectiveness of contraception (recorded in women using contraceptive pills).

- Erythomycin belongs to the class of macrolide antibiotics. It prevents protein synthesis and inhibits growth of bacteria, similarly to the action of penicillin (people allergic to penicillin can use it). It is available under various brand names: Robimycin, E-Mycin, Erythroped…This antibiotic could be used during pregnancy. Main adverse effects are associated with upset stomach and nausea.

- Clindamycine belongs to a group of lincosamide bacteriostatic antibiotics. It can be found under several brand names: Dalacin, Lincocin and Daclin. It is effective against anaerobic bacteria. Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea is common side effect. C. difficile is resistant to clindamycine and it releases potent toxin that induces various pathologies in the intestine. It can be fatal if not treated on time.

- Doxycycline is another antibiotic from the tetracycline class. It is used when tetracycline and erythromycin are ineffective. This antibiotic can be found under several brand names: Vibramycin, Monodox, Microdox, Periostat…It increases sensitivity to sun (sunburns are often side effect of this antibiotic).

- Minocycline has broad specter of activity and it belongs to the tetracycline class. It can be found under following brand names: Minomycin, Akamin, Minocin, Minoderm, Cyclimycin…It has bacteriostatic effects. This antibiotic is associated with CNS related side effects, like vertigo. It also induces vomiting, nausea and it may lead to skin discoloration when used prolonged period of time.

- Benzoyl peroxide is organic compound used in acne treatment. Numerous lotions, soaps and creams used in acne treatment contain benzoyl peroxide. It increases skin turnover (works as peeling agent), induces pore cleaning and directly decrease bacterial number as antimicrobial agent. Some people show increased sensitivity toward this compound.

Number of available skin care products continually rise and improve. With latest discoveries in the fields of acne - optimal solution could be closer than we think.

(Sent by BojanaL)
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#2
Th natural acne lotion and creams are much more beneficial to skin than chemical processed one. Though they act late but are more effective.
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