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Identification of genetic diseases by GENE mapping.
#1
Gene mapping is a process to identify the relative location of the genes in a chromosome. When genome is discovered gene mapping is not known. DNA sequencing is the first step of gene mapping. There are actually two types of gene mapping. They are genetic mapping and physical mapping. Genetic mapping is that type of mapping where two genes are located near each other in a definite position. This specific position is determined by linkage system. Classical techniques are involved to do this mapping such as breeding experiments or pedigree analysis.

At first accurate DNA sequencing is done. Small fragments are separated by small tags amongst the strains. Those may be DNA cutting enzymes or genetic markers such as PCR products. Physical mapping is that type of mapping where relative positions of the genes of a chromosome are evaluated by any known process. The first step of this mapping is to cut DNA into small fragments by restriction enzymes DNA fragments are separated according to their size by applying electrophoresis technique. The pattern of the result from electrophoresis tells the relative positions of genes, this is done by accurate calculation. Both types of Gene mapping are different according to their process of investigation but they are related in the same context.

Micro restriction is one type of physical mapping system. Here high molecular weight DNA is cut by low restriction sites containing restriction enzymes. This is one of the alternative processes of DNA sequencing. The advantage of this alternative process is to determine the overlapping of DNA clones without sequencing the complete DNA. At first the mapping is discovered then the clones are used as reference to identify the position of them located in a large genome. This is the more efficient system of gene mapping. In situ hybridization is another type of gene mapping system. This is a independent process of DNA sequencing.

The locations between two genes are called genetic loci. If two of the loci of a chromosome have gone through the next generation, those are called linked two loci of two different genes and cannot be linked together because of independent assortment. It is very important to know the linking process because linkage systems are utilized to create a proper genetic mapping.

Genetic diseases can be identified by gene mapping. Expected positions of the genes can be changed or manipulated automatically by genetic diseases. These diseases are investigated by fine mapping of the genes of the chromosomes. These mechanisms are utilized to investigate large disease manifestation or to identify population based genetic associations. The major goal of gene mapping is to clone the genes of a chromosome. Cloning of the genes, DNA sequencing and study of gene products are the steps to investigate the disease genes. Albino child are very common problems in all societies. If we can identify the genes responsible for the albino diseases, we can take different genetic steps to prevent this. Genetic diseases are prevented to transmit from one generation to next generation rather than to cure the diseases.
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#2
The GENE mapping has done a fabulous job which has provided an excellent work for completing the draft as well as assisting directly in the identification of the many diseases genes. It has a long history of predating even in the identification of DNA as the genetic molecule.
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Identification of genetic diseases by GENE mapping.00