Basic Information:
The nation’s pioneer land-grant university, MSU began as a bold experiment that democratized higher education and helped bring science and innovation into everyday life. The revolutionary concept became a model for the nation. Today, MSU is one of the top research universities in the world—on one of the biggest, greenest campuses in the nation. Home to nationally ranked and recognized academic, residential college, and service-learning programs, MSU is a diverse community of dedicated students and scholars, athletes and artists, scientists and leaders.


MSU ranks in the top 100 on the Top Universities by Reputation 2013 list published by Times Higher Education. The list—which looks solely at the reputations of institutions for teaching and research—is based on responses to an invitation-only survey from nearly 17,000 academics at institutions in 144 countries worldwide. MSU is the only university in the country with on-campus medical schools graduating allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) physicians, as well as veterinarians. As the university extends the College of Human Medicine and the College of Osteopathic Medicine to new areas of the state, MSU will be among the largest universities in the United States in terms of the number of medical school graduates. Rankings compiled at the University of Western Australia list MSU among the top 50 universities in the world based on research performance, including publications and citations. These rankings also list MSU among the top 50 universities in the categories of arts, humanities, business, and social sciences and engineering, computing, and technology and in the top 100 in the areas of medicine and the health sciences and pure, natural, and mathematical sciences.

Undergraduate Programs:
Michigan State University offers an undergraduate degree in Biosystems Engineering. Combining biology with engineering, biosystems engineers make sure we have our daily essentials: safe and plentiful food to eat, pure water, clean energy sources, and a safe environment to live in.
The undergraduate program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology is characterized by strong preparation in chemistry, molecular biology and biochemistry, emphasizing practical training in marketable laboratory skills. Undergraduates can enhance their education and training through independent research mentored by BMB faculty.

The Human Biology curriculum has strong foundations in the core biological disciplines of biochemistry, anatomy, physiology, cell biology and genetics. To complement the core curriculum, students are able to choose from several upper level biology elective courses offered through the College of Natural Science. Human Biology elective credit can also include directed study, internship, and/or research experiences in biological and physical science. In addition, the Capstone Tier II Writing requirement (NSC 495) allows students, through their writing and oral presentations, the opportunity to integrate their knowledge of the disciplines in the core curriculum during the senior year.

The Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics offers three Bachelor of Science degree programs: one in Microbiology, one in Genomics & Molecular Genetics, and one in Environmental Biology/Microbiology. The objective of the undergraduate major in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics is to provide a broad foundation in science with an emphasis in microbiology. Classically, microbiology is defined as the study of microbes, small living organisms. The faculty members take a more contemporaneous view and our definition includes the study of the biology of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and their viruses. Thus, the Microbiology and Molecular Genetics major at MSU is designed to be appropriate for students interested in any area of biology, regardless of the careers or subdisciplines they plan to pursue.
Freshmen applicants should have 4 years of English, 3 years of math, 3 years of social studies, 2 years of science, and 2 years of foreign language.

Undergraduate tuition: $12,908/year in-state; $33,796/year out-of-state. Financial aid is available; students should complete the FAFSA to apply for aid. All admitted students are automatically considered for scholarships. In most instances, the application for admission, including the required personal statement, are sufficient for award consideration.

Graduate Programs:
The Cell and Molecular Biology graduate program at Michigan State University is an interdepartmental PhD program with participating faculty from many different departments and administrative units. The research programs address a wide variety of biological questions with an equally diverse array of organisms. However, they are all related in their dependence upon the ideas and approaches common to cell biology and/or molecular biology. These common approaches unite the research programs of the participating faculty whether they are interested in herbicide resistance in crop plants, DNA replication in bacteria, or tumor development in humans.

The Genetics Graduate Program at Michigan State University is one of the outstanding graduate programs for genetics research and scholarship in the country. The strength of the program lies in its interdisciplinary nature, allowing graduate students a great deal of flexibility in designing their individualized programs of research and study while maintaining a core PhD graduate program and strong interactions among students and faculty.

A PhD program is offered called the Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies in BioMolecular Science program. The BioMolecular Science Gateway offers admission to 6 graduate programs: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell and Molecular Biology, Genetics, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Physiology. Students have access to training in over 150 research laboratories in the fields of biochemistry, cancer, cell biology, genomics, genetics, immunology, microbiology, molecular biology, pharmacology, toxicology, physiology, plant molecular biology, structural biology, and virology. Students rotate through the laboratories of potential Ph.D. mentors and take coursework appropriate to their disciplinary interests. In the spring semester of the first year, students have the opportunity to select the Ph.D. program that aligns most closely with their educational goals. Most students take about 5 years to complete a PhD.

Graduate tuition: $13,656.00/year in-state; $26,820.00/year out-of-state. The graduate stipend for 2013-2014 PhD students is $25,480. Tuition costs and health insurance are also covered. Outstanding students are eligible for generous supplemental funds as well as the MSU Distinguished Fellowship Program.


Statistics:
Applied - 28,416
Admitted - 20,728 - 73%
Enrolled total - 7,984
Full Time: - 7,827
Part Time - 157

Standards:
Test 25th % - 75th %
SAT Reading 440 - 600
SAT Math 540 - 670
SAT Writing 450 - 600
ACT Composite 23 - 28
ACT English 22 - 28
ACT Math 23 - 28
ACT Writing 0 - 0

Retention / Graduation:
Retention rate 91%
4-year graduation rate 49%
6-year graduation rate 77%

Other Information:
200 programs of undergraduate, graduate, and professional study
Freshman class profile (middle 50 percent of fall 2012 entering class): high school GPA, 3.4–3.9; SAT combined score (math and critical reading), 1020–1220; ACT composite score, 23–28
More than 275 study abroad programs on all continents in more than 60 countries
An ever-growing library collection approaching seven million print volumes

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biosystems Engineering (MS)
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (BS)
Human Biology (BS)
Microbiology (BS)
Genomics and Molecular Genetics (BS)
Environmental Biology/Microbiology (BS)

Graduate Programs:
Cell and Molecular Biology (PhD)
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (MS/PhD)
Cell and Molecular Biology (MS/PhD)
Genetics (MS/PhD)
Microbiology and Molecular Genetics (MS/PhD)
Pharmacology and Toxicology (MS/PhD)
Physiology (MS/PhD)

Dual Degree Programs:
MD/PhD
DO/PhD

Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: November 1st for maximum scholarship consideration
Graduate: December 1st

Undergraduate application: http://admissions.msu.edu/toolbox/apply.asp
Graduate application: http://grad.msu.edu/apply/online.aspx

Basic Information:
In 1817, the University of Michigan was established in Detroit and became the first public university in the Northwest Territories. A grant of 1,920 acres from three Great Lakes Indian nations was earmarked for the nascent institution. In 1837, the same year in which Michigan became a state, the University relocated to Ann Arbor to take advantage of an offer by local entrepreneurs of 40 acres of land at the edge of town. The acreage ceded by the Indians was sold, and the proceeds remain part of the University’s permanent endowment.

The University of Michigan-Flint opened in 1956 with a gift from the Mott Foundation. The University of Michigan-Dearborn followed in 1958 on the land of the Henry Ford Estate, a gift of the Ford Motor Company.

The University of Michigan is a global leader in health, law and public policy, the arts and humanities, science and technology, and many other academic disciplines. The essence of the University is the academic diversity of the schools and colleges, many of which are among the best in the country, and the degree of interdisciplinary cooperation among them. The schools of Business, Education, Engineering, Information, Law, Medicine, Music, Nursing, Public Health, and Social Work are ranked among the best in the country.



Undergraduate Programs:
The undergraduate Program in Biology encompasses a breadth of disciplines spanning all levels of organization and includes the study of a diversity of organisms. The program offers 7 majors, which are: Biology, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, General Biology, Microbiology, Plant Biology, and Neuroscience. Students are strongly encouraged to begin taking early biology classes as soon as possible upon entering the University of Michigan in order to prepare to declare their major. The Biology major program develops an appreciation of the levels of organization of life, its diversity, and the processes by which life has achieved its present forms. The program is recommended for those who wish to study biology as part of a liberal education, to prepare for a teaching career in secondary schools, or to prepare for graduate study in biology or the health professions. The curriculum in Cellular and Molecular Biology offers students an integrated program of study and training in the biological and physical sciences. It is a pathway to graduate study in areas of biology and medicine that emphasizes a quantitative and analytical approach to the life sciences.

There is also a 5 year program available for students to obtain a bachelor’s degree and master’s degree in cellular and molecular biology and biomedical engineering. This program is designed for students enrolled in the College of Literature, Science and the Arts. The program is jointly administered by the Department of MCDB (College of LS&A) and the Biomedical Engineering (BME) Department (College of Engineering). A matriculating student will receive the B.S. in Cellular and Molecular Biology (CMB) from the College of LS&A and a M.S. in Biomedical Engineering (BME) from the College of Engineering. Students will be admitted to the program only after completing the first year of major prerequisites with a grade point average of 3.2 or higher. Admission to the program must be approved by advisors from the Departments of MCDB and BME.

Understanding how brains process information and generate behavior is one of the most challenging questions in the life sciences. The neuroscience concentration, sponsored by the Departments of MCDB and Psychology, provides training that integrates studies in cell and molecular biology, physiology and behavior. An undergraduate degree in neuroscience provides the background for a career in brain research, and also serves as excellent training for students interested in medicine or other health professions.

Undergraduate tuition: $12,440/year in-state; $37,588/year out-of-state

Graduate Programs:
The Program in Biomedical Science (PIBS) at the University of Michigan School of Medicine coordinates admission for 14 graduate programs. The departments under the PIBS umbrella include: Bioinformatics; Biological Chemistry; Biophysics; Cancer Biology; Cell & Developmental Biology; Cellular & Molecular Biology; Human Genetics; Immunology; Microbiology & Immunology; Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology; Molecular & Cellular Pathology; Molecular & Integrative Physiology; Neuroscience; and Pharmacology.

The MCDB Master of Science degree is a non-thesis, non-research based degree, however, some master's students work in laboratories for course credit. The program consists of twenty-four hours of course work; this includes at least sixteen hours of MCDB courses at the 400 level or above and at least four hours in a cognate subject. This program is flexible and serves a variety of career objectives such as teaching in secondary schools, employment in a variety of research-oriented jobs, and preparation for further professional training. The department does not provide funding for Master's students. In addition, the Pathways Program is a two-year thesis-based Master's program, providing students with the research- and course-related training necessary to succeed in a top-flight Ph.D. program. The Pathways program will enable students to gain critical research experience in MCDB labs towards the ultimate completion of a research-based Master's thesis.

The University of Michigan Bioinformatics Graduate Program (BGP) is the academic component of the Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics (DCM&B). The BGP was established as an interdepartmental program in 1998 at the University of Michigan, and enrolled its first class in 2001. The Bioinformatics Graduate Program is led by co-directors Dr. Margit Burmeister, Professor of Psychiatry and Human Genetics and Dr. Daniel M. Burns Jr., Professor of Mathematics. This Program is highly interdisciplinary involving many different schools and departments across the U-M campus. There are over 100 faculty members affiliated with the program. In addition, it maintains a graduate student body of approximately 45 Ph.D. and Master's students combined.

The general Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores, a statement of research interests and experience, and three letters of recommendation are necessary as part of the formal application as well as transcripts from all academic institutions attended.

Graduate tuition: $18,666/year in-state; $37,726/year out-of-state
All graduate students in the PIBS program who are in good academic standing are supported financially throughout the duration of their graduate studies. Each student receives tuition, an annual stipend of $28,500 and healthcare benefits.

Statistics:
Applied 39,584
Admitted 16,073 41%
Enrolled total 6,236
Full Time: 6,211
Part Time 25

Standards:
Test 25th % 75th %
SAT Reading 630 730
SAT Math 670 770
SAT Writing 650 750
ACT Composite 29 33
ACT English 29 34
ACT Math 28 34
ACT Writing 0 0

Retention / Graduation:
Retention rate 96%
4-year graduation rate 73%
6-year graduation rate 89%

Other Information:
3 Campuses
Schools and colleges: Ann Arbor, 19; Dearborn, 4; Flint, 5
Total enrollment, Fall 2011: 59,933
Instructional staff, all campuses, Fall 2010 (includes graduate student instructors): 8,791

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biology
Biophysics

Graduate Programs:
Bioinformatics (MS/PhD)
Biological Chemistry (MS/PhD)
Biophysics (MS/PhD)
Cancer Biology (MS/PhD)
Cell and Developmental Biology (MS/PhD)
Cellular and Molecular Biology (MS/PhD)
Human Genetics (MS/PhD)
Immunology (MS/PhD)
Microbiology and Immunology (MS/PhD)
Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MS/PhD)
Molecular and Cellular Pathology (MS/PhD)
Molecular and Integrative Physiology (MS/PhD)
Neuroscience (MS/PhD)
Pharmacology (MS/PhD)

Dual Degree Programs:
5 yr BS/MS in Cellular and Molecular Biology and Bioengineering
MD/PhD


Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: December 1st, early admission; February 1st, regular admission
Graduate: December 1st

Applications can be completed online.
Undergraduate: Completed via the Common Application, available at: https://www.commonapp.org/Login
Graduate: http://medicine.umich.edu/medschool/educ...-overview

Hello everyone,
I have one problem in a mini project please help me.
I have some bacterial colonies and I knew their are some changes in their genetic structure but not able to know how to know from which part I should extract DNA and go for further steps.
I will be highly thankful to you all for guiding me.

Basic Information:
Iowa State is an international university with a friendly welcoming personality. Students from all 50 states and more than 100 countries come to Ames, Iowa, to choose from 100 majors, study with world-class scholars and hone their leadership skills in 800-plus student organizations. Iowa State offers a great environment where students can enjoy reaching their potential and discovering their passions.

Iowa Agricultural College and Model Farm (now Iowa State University) was officially established on March 22, 1858, by the legislature of the State of Iowa. Story County was selected as a site on June 21, 1859, and the original farm of 648 acres was purchased for a cost of $5,379. The Farm House, the first building on the Iowa State campus, was completed in 1861, and in 1862, the Iowa legislature voted to accept the provision of the Morrill Act, which was awarded to the agricultural college in 1864. Iowa Agricultural College (Iowa State College of Agricultural and Mechanic Arts as of 1898), as a land grant institution, focused on the ideals that higher education should be accessible to all and that the university should teach liberal and practical subjects. These ideals are integral to the land-grant university.



Undergraduate Programs:
The Biological Sciences department at Iowa State University offers many different biotechnology majors. Students can major in Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biological Systems Engineering, Genetics, and others.

Outstanding faculty and facilities in the biological sciences provide opportunities that students won’t find anywhere else. The biochemistry faculty received federal funding for research in such areas as nutrition, x-ray crystallography of proteins, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and modern biotechnology procedures. The Lawrence H. Baker Center for Bioinformatics Biological Statistics computational, graphical, and algorithmic methods to interpret data from biological studies.

The Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology (BBMB) offers a combined program that allows students to obtain two separate degrees, both the Bachelor of Science and Masters of Science, in as few as 5 years. The combined degrees can be useful to students entering various career tracks. For those considering careers as research specialists, entry positions with higher-level responsiblities, and a higher-level salary, are made possible with the M.S. degree. For those considering careers as research directors, which require advanced study, the M.S. degree provides an advantage for admission into Ph.D. programs at the most competitive and prestigious graduate schools. Similarly, the M.S. degree can be a competitive advantage for admission in to medical, dental, law, veterinary medicine, or other professional schools. The M.S. thesis requires intensive experience in original, independent laboratory research, which is a significant benefit in any of these career tracks.

The best preparation for studying at Iowa State University continues to be a strong college preparatory program of study, which includes courses in English, mathematics, laboratory science, social studies, and foreign languages. Freshman students can elect to live in BEST housing (Biology Education Success Teams) to be near other students studying similar subjects. There is also a wide variety of student clubs for those studying biological sciences.

Undergraduate tuition: $6408/year in-state; $18,280/year out-of-state. Need-based financial aid is available to students by filling out the FAFSA. Iowa State also offers scholarships, grants, and loans for financial aid. Undergraduate students may also participate in faculty sponsored research.

Graduate Programs:
The Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology at Iowa State University offers a variety of graduate degrees. They offer a PhD in Biochemistry or Biophysics. The program requires about 5 years on average of graduate level study to complete. The majority of a student’s time is spent doing research on his or her dissertation project, although considerable time also is devoted to advanced coursework and professional seminars. The dissertation research project is undertaken in the laboratory of a faculty mentor, under her or his close supervision. The program also offers training in the teaching of biochemistry at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Almost all students receive financial support in the form of a research assistantship. A thesis-based master’s degree in science is also available.

The Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Graduate Program provides an interdisciplinary research environment where successful collaborations between life science researchers and computational scientists have developed over its 12 year history. PhD study in ISU's BCB Graduate program gives students a vibrant learning community supported by world class resources. Entering students enjoy full tuition and health insurance credits, as well as a yearly stipend which can range up to $25,000 depending on the fellowship received.

The College of Veterinary Sciences department of biomedical sciences offers graduate programs to students. Areas of research include: Fundamental neuroscience; Neurotoxicology; Immunology; Vaccine development; Infectious diseases; Cell biology; Nutrition; Development and mechanisms of learning and memory; Auditory processing; and Aquatic biology. Students can attain a non-thesis master’s degree, a thesis master’s degree, or a PhD.

Iowa State University established the first graduate program in biorenewable resources and technology in the United States. While other universities offer certificate programs or minor programs related to biobased products and bioenergy, ISU offers M.S. and Ph.D degrees in this new field, as well as a minor for students obtaining degrees in other majors and a certificate.

The Immunobiology program emphasizes interdisciplinary education with specialization appropriate to the student's interests. The master's degree requires 30 credit hours, and the doctoral degree requires 72 credit hours. The Graduate College requires that Ph.D. candidates pass preliminary examinations. A master's degree is not a prerequisite to a Ph.D. Research is an integral part of the curriculum in Immunobiology at Iowa State University. A student will select a major professor from the faculty participating in the program. The role of the major professor is to act as a mentor and will guide the student's professional development. Both M.S. and Ph.D. candidates must prepare and defend a thesis.

Graduate tuition: $7476/year in-state; $19,192/year out-of-state. Tuition and health insurance are covered by most PhD programs.

Statistics:
Applied 15,066
Admitted 12,135 81%
Enrolled total 4,552
Full Time: 4,528
Part Time 24

Standards:
Test 25th % 75th %
SAT Reading 460 640
SAT Math 530 670
SAT Writing 0 0
ACT Composite 22 28
ACT English 21 28
ACT Math 22 28
ACT Writing 0 0

Retention / Graduation:
Retention rate 88%
4-year graduation rate 36%
6-year graduation rate 70%


Other Information:
8 Colleges, 2 Schools, and 57 Academic Departments
More than 100 undergraduate majors
Iowa State University recently has been designated as a Collaborating Center for the
World Health Organization in the area of food safety and research.
Enrollment: 31,040 (fall 2012)
Faculty & staff: 6,300
Alumni: 227,022

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biochemistry (BS)
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (BS)
Biological Pre-Medical Illustration (BS)
Biological Systems Engineering (BS)
Biology (BS)
Biophysics (BS)
Environmental Science (BS)
Food Science (BS)
Genetics (BS)
Microbiology (BS)

Graduate Programs:
Biochemistry (MS/PhD)
Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (PhD)
Biomedical Sciences (MS/PhD)
Biophysics (MS/PhD)
Biorenewable Resources and Technology (MS/PhD)
Genetics (MS/PhD)
Immunobiology (MS/PhD)
Microbiology (MS/PhD)
Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology (MS/PhD)

Dual Degree Programs:
Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology (BS/MS)



Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: Students should apply fall of their senior year of high school.
Graduate: Varies by department, but generally January 15th


Applications are completed online.
Undergraduate: https://www.admissions.iastate.edu/apply/online/
Graduate: Applications are available through each independent department.

Basic Information:
Washington University in St. Louis (Wash. U., or WUSTL) is a private research university located in suburban St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries.

Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields. Officially incorporated as "The Washington University," the university is occasionally referred to as "WUSTL," an acronym derived from its initials. More commonly, however, students refer to the university as "Wash. U." To prevent confusion over its location, the Board of Trustees added the phrase "in St. Louis" in 1976.

The Department of Biology has received national recognition for the contributions of its faculty in genetics, neuroscience, development, population biology, plant biology, and other areas of specialization. Work being done in the Department has broad implications for the treatment of disease and genetic anomalies, the preservation of endangered species, the development of food crops, and many other global problems centered in the life sciences. The Biology Department has a distinguished history, highlighted by the 1986 Nobel Prize awarded to two former members of the department, Rita Levi-Montalcini and Stanley Cohen, for their discovery at Washington University of the Nerve Growth Factor. Today, the Department includes four professors who are members of the National Academy of Sciences and many others who have gained international distinction for their research.



Undergraduate Programs:
The College of Arts and Sciences at Washington University St. Louis offers an undergraduate program through its biology program. Several tracks are offered for biology majors, including evolution and ecology; genomics and computational biology; molecular biology and biochemistry; and neurosciences. Students wishing to complete the neuroscience track apply for admission during their sophomore year at Washington University St. Louis. A student graduating with a major in biology should be well educated in the history of scientific discovery in biology, the logical and statistical procedures used to formulate and to test biological hypotheses, and technical skills needed for conducting contemporary biological research. The Department of Biology also offers an undergraduate major in environmental biology.

The Department of Biomedical Engineering offers a four-year curricular leading to a professional baccalaureate degree, a Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Engineering (BS) which is designed to prepare students for graduate school, medical school or industry. The BS in Biomedical Engineering is accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, http://www.abet.org. Graduate level courses are open to qualified, upper level undergraduates. These courses offer advanced training in selected areas of bioimedical engineering.

Freshman applicants are eligible to apply for the University Scholars Program in Medicine, which offers dual admission to Washington University St. Louis for undergraduate and medical school.

Undergraduate tuition: $40,950/year. WUSL offers merit-based scholarships to students who show exceptional aptitude. Loans and grants are also available to students for financial assistance.

Graduate Programs:
The Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences offers 12 PhD programs. The programs are: Biochemistry; Computational and Molecular Biophysics; Computational and Systems Biology; Developmental, Regenerative, and Stem Cell Biology; Evolution, Ecology and Population Biology; Human & Statistical Genetics; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Molecular Genetics and Genomics; Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis; Neurosciences; and Plant and Microbial Biosciences.

The graduate program in the Department of Biology and Biomedical Sciences is unique from other graduate programs. In a traditional graduate program, a student might be one of a few dozen working in a narrowly defined department. At Washington University in St. Louis, graduate students are admitted to a Division of 500 students and more than 330 faculty members from 31 departments who teach and work in programs on both the hilltop and medical campuses. This organization fosters interaction among Programs, students and faculty. What boundaries exist are easily and regularly crossed. The Division serves scientists and their work. Each student receives personal attention, and the course of study is customized as his or her education requires.

The School of Engineering offers a program in biomedical engineering for either a master’s of science degree or PhD. PhD students must complete a core curriculum, fulfill a distribution requirement, satisfactorily complete two research rotations, pass the qualifying examination and complete a research dissertation. The master’s degree program offers both a thesis and non-thesis option.

Admission to graduate programs varies based on programs, but students should in general have four years of science, at least two years of mathematics, four years of English, and four years of a foreign language. GRE scores, transcripts, and letters of recommendation are required for admission.

Tuition: $40,950. Most full-time graduate students are eligible for financial assistance through teaching or research assistantships.

Continuing Education:
Washington University in St. Louis offers education to adults through its University College of Arts and Sciences. Master’s and bachelor’s degrees, as well as certificates, are available in Clinical Research Management. The program also offers a master’s of science in Applied Health Behavior Research.

University College offers a post-baccalaureate degree for students preparing to apply to medical school. The Post-Baccalaureate Premedical Program (Post Bac Pre Med) at Washington University in St. Louis enables qualified college graduates to take core and elective science and math courses that satisfy medical school admission requirements. Students may take approved elective courses in natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities that provide a broad context and skill set for the practice of medicine today. The program is flexible to support students who need most or all medical school prerequisites, as well as those who have completed most or all of those prerequisites but need additional preparation. Admission to the program requires transcripts, a 500-word essay, a current resume, and 2 letters of recommendation.

Statistics:
Applied 28,823
Admitted 4,763 17%
Enrolled total 1,488
Full Time: 1,488
Part Time 0

Standards:
Test - 25th % - 75th %
SAT Reading - 690 - 760
SAT Math - 710 - 780
SAT Writing - 0 - 0
ACT Composite - 32 - 34
ACT English - 32 - 35
ACT Math - 32 - 35
ACT Writing - 0 - 0

Retention / Graduation:
Retention rate 97%
4-year graduation rate 84%
6-year graduation rate 93%

Other Information:
90 Degree Programs, almost 1500 Courses
19 Washington University graduate and professional programs in top-10 rankings (Us News and World Reports)
Six major world rankings of leading universities include Washington University in the top 12% and 5 of the 6 place the university in the top 10% of universities in the world.

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biology (BS)
Environmental Biology (BS)

Graduate Programs:
Biochemistry (PhD)
Computational and Molecular Biophysics (PhD)
Computational and Systems Biology (PhD)
Developmental, Regenerative, and Stem Cell Biology (PhD)
Evolution, Ecology, and Population Biology (PhD)
Human & Statistical Genetics (PhD)
Immunology (PhD)
Molecular Cell Biology (PhD)
Molecular Genetics and Genomics (PhD)
Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis (PhD)
Neurosciences (PhD)
Plant and Microbial Biosciences (PhD)
Biomedical Engineering (PhD)

Dual Degree Programs:
University Scholars Program in Medicine (BS/MD)
Biomedical Engineering MS/MBA
Physician Scientist MD/PhD



Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: November 15th, Early Decision; January 15th, Regular Decision
Graduate: Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences: December 1st
Biomedical Engineering: January 15th
WUSL accepts the common application, available at: https://www.commonapp.org/Login

Bio-Rad laboratories developed in 1952, continues to deliver the best innovative tools in clinical diagnostics and scientific research to the world. With a global team of over 7,300 employees, this company provides services to more than 100, 000 research and industry customers. It has its headquarters in Hercules, California.

Bio-Rad has hands on expertise on development of new and innovative technology that would be of use in genomics, medical field, food safety, drug discovery, medical diagnostics and proteomics. The firm has built strong customer relationships that would pave way for improved and advanced scientific research and also help in development of new and innovative diagnostic tools.

The life science research technologies of Bio-Rad includes electrophoresis, microbiology, protein functional analysis, amplification, transfection, droplet digital PCR, multiplex immunoassay and chromatography. Bio-Rad has been listed in the NYSE as BIO and BIOb.

Popular biotech products
The products of Bio-Rad are considered as “gold standard” for diabetes monitoring and QC – quality control systems.

The Bio-Rad products provide a great deal of support to the researchers across the globe. The life science research group of Bio-Rad develops, manufacturers as well as promotes a wide variety of instruments, consumables and apparatus that would benefit the researchers and consumers at large.

The group of clinical diagnostics of Bio-Rad develops, manufactures and markets products for laboratory diagnosis. The diagnostic products developed and manufactured by this firm have turned out to be a boon for detecting, identifying and quantifying substances in body fluids and tissues. These products help a great deal in diagnosis, identification and treatment of various medical diseases and conditions.

Latest discoveries
Bio-Rad laboratories have made a significant contribution in the areas of microbial testing, food science, process separations, clinical diagnostics and life science education. The rapid chromogenic media for testing the microbial quality of foods has enabled the rapid testing of food samples. To add to this, the water testing kits developed by the firm has enabled rapid testing of the microbial quality of water.

The Bio-Rad TSE testing products have been around since the time of BSE crisis aroused in Europe. The TSE testing products include reagent kits, equipments and software.

Of late, the firm introduced New iQ – Check Prep system for Automated Real - time PCR detection of food pathogens. This latest discovery of Bio-Rad has made detection of food pathogens possible by automating sample preparation. The sample is then detected by real - time PCR. It also released its very new food pathogens testing kits – iQ-Check STEC VirX and SerO kits. The VirX kit is used for detection of Shiga toxins that produce E coli. The SerO kit is meant for detecting Shiga toxins that produce E coli of O157:H7, O26, O45, O103, O121 and O145.

Amongst food testing kits, Bio-Rad laboratories developed, iQ - Check S. Enteritidis kit for the rapid detection of Salmonella Enteritidis using the real – time PCR method. This method helps identify the presence and enumeration of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg and poultry samples in just a few hours.

Bio-Rad laboratories are also expected to launch cell sorter that would enable advance research in the area of cell analysis. A test panel for celiac disease will also be introduced in the year 2013.

Recent company takeovers
The year 2002 witnessed the collaboration of Bio-Rad and Quantase Ltd. of Perth, Scotland. Quantase Ltd specializes in diagnostic tools for screening of newborn diseases. It has been estimated that the current market for newborn screening tests will reach $100 million across the world and will increase by 10% each year.

In the beginning of 2013, the company joined hands with AbD Serotec that would facilitate the firm to carry out more advanced research with antibodies.



Recent corporate news
The Bio-Rad stock price recorded for August 13, 2013 was $117.10. For the year 2010, the company had revenues exceeding $1.9 billion. The sale for the year 2012, was around $2.1 billion which was a bit lower than what was recorded for the year 2011.

Work culture
The work culture at Bio-Rad is dynamic with a positive environment. The employees are the heart and soul of the company and it is through their dedication and hard work that the firm has received the much needed success and achievements. The employees of Bio-Rad laboratories give in their best to churn out superior quality products for the world at large. The products developed by this firm have made research easier and they can devote more time in developing quality products for a global clientele.
Bio-Rad considers its employees as its assets who are ready to undertake any task for taking the firm to new defined avenues.

Interesting events
Bio-Rad laboratories has been celebrating its diamond anniversary. Following this, there are many other interesting events that have taken place in the past as well as in the current year.
• The company reports its second – quarter final financial reports.
• It also introduced the QX200 Droplet Digital PCR system.
• In the year 2012, The USDA gave no objection letter for Bio-Rad’s method for STEC detection in beef.
• Bio-Rad also received approval from AOAC for iQ-Check for Campylobacter detection.
• In the same year, the NF validation was renewed for 2 real – time PCR kits for detection of E coli O157:H7 and Salmonella.
• Qualitative test kits for infant formulae and environment samples also received the NordVal approval.



Recent job openings

Visit: http://www.bio-rad.com/yt/3/careers


Bio-Rad laboratories is always on the hunt for new and vibrant individuals who can strive hard to take the company to new heights. The company is always open for hard working and dedicated individuals with an analytical mind. Such individuals can conduct high quality research and deliver best and superior products to customers worldwide. Job openings for various positions are available and interested candidates can drop in their resume. Individuals can even upload their resume at the company’s website and wait for the recruitment process. Bio-Rad laboratories also has special summer internship package for individuals. Interns are given state – of –the-n art experience with equipment, instruments and facilities. The firm has also made special provisions for paid internships in the fields of engineering, biochemistry, quality control, environmental health and safety, information technology, research and development.

Basic Information:
Oregon State (OSU) is a leading research university located in one of the safest, smartest, greenest small cities in the nation. Situated 90 miles south of Portland, and an hour from the Cascades or the Pacific Coast, Corvallis is the perfect home base for exploring Oregon’s natural wonders.
As Oregon’s leading public research university, with $281 million in external funding in the 2012 fiscal year, Oregon State’s impact reaches across the state and beyond. With 12 colleges, 15 Agricultural Experiment Stations, 35 county Extension offices, the Hatfield Marine Sciences Center in Newport and OSU-Cascades in Bend, Oregon State has a presence in every one of Oregon’s 36 counties, with a statewide economic footprint of $2.06 billion.

Oregon State also ranks high in sustainability, fourth among universities nationwide for using renewable energy and first in the Pac-12 Conference. The students at Oregon State University literally help power the university: 22 exercise machines at Dixon Recreation Center are connected to the grid.

Undergraduate Programs:
Oregon State University offers a bachelor’s degree in Biological and Ecological Engineering through the College of Engineering. Biological and Ecological Engineering is the application of engineering and life-science principles and problem-solving techniques to the optimum use and sustainability of biological resources. The curriculum is engineering-based with strong emphasis on the life sciences. The Bachelor of Science (BS) in Ecological Engineering degree program offered through the Colleges of Agricultural Science and Engineering is a new degree program that is the first of its kind nationally at the undergraduate level. The undergraduate Ecological Engineering degree program requires completion of 192 credit hours. In addition to the traditional engineering training in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and engineering analysis and design, students in this program will receive training in biology, ecology, geosciences, hydrology, and systems analysis methods. Another important distinction between Ecological Engineering and other engineering disciplines is its strong links to ecology, geosciences, hydrology, and water quality. Students also acquire a general understanding of legal, political, economic, and sociological disciplines. Students that graduate from this program will be firmly grounded in the hard sciences, engineering fundamentals and systems analysis and aware of and sensitive to how other disciplines drive and respond to Ecological Engineering in practice.

The College of sciences offers bachelor’s degrees in biology, biochemistry and biophysics, and microbiology. Students in the biology program can also choose to complete one of four undergraduate Options in Biotechnology, Genetics, Marine Biology and Pre-Education. The bachelor’s in microbiology program has very successful graduates. Three months after graduation, 95% of recent graduates have been employed in a microbiology-related field or accepted to a program for further education.

Undergraduate admissions require 4 years of English, 3 years each of science, mathematics, and social studies, and 2 years of foreign language.

Undergraduate tuition is $6,228/year in-state and $19,944/year out-of-state. Financial aid is available in the form of scholarships, grants, work-study, and loans. Students should complete the FAFSA to apply for financial aid. Undergraduate applications must be submitted by February 1st to be eligible for University scholarship consideration.

Graduate Programs:
The Biological and Ecological Engineering Department offers programs leading to the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. The objective of the department's degree programs are to serve as the interface between life sciences and engineering. Biological and Ecological Engineering is the application of engineering and life-science principles and problem-solving techniques to the optimum use and sustainability of biological resources. The curriculum is engineering-based with strong emphasis on the life sciences. Courses focus on biological systems modeling, theoretical and applied aspects of bioconversion and bioseparation processes, regional hydrologic analysis, groundwater systems, irrigation, water resource optimization, remote sensing, image analysis, and instrumentation. The admission policy for Biological and Ecological Engineering is that students can be accepted into the program at any time during the year and it is possible that support from sponsored research can become available throughout the year. Most students begin this program Fall Term and there are advantages with an early application in terms of assistantships and finding an advisor. It is recommended that student applying to begin in the fall have all materials submitted by January 5th.

The graduate program in the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at Oregon State University grants primarily PhD degrees, but also offers thesis and nonthesis Masters degrees. The program offers a broad range of research topics through the faculty within the department, those associated with the Linus Pauling Institute, and Affiliate faculty from other departments throughout the OSU campus. Research interests of the faculty in the graduate program include cancer biology, aging, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease), heart and spinal cord development and disease, mouse transgenics, atherosclerosis, protein and nucleic acid structure and function, DNA modification and epigenetics, cell signaling, oxidative stress, micronutrients, bioinformatics, and biosensors. Research in the department is supported by over $2.5 million dollars annually from external grants. The department is well equipped with research facilities that include confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, X-ray crystallography, NMR, mass spectrometry, analytical centrifugation, and computational resources, and is additionally supported through facilities in the Environmental Health Sciences Center and the Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing.

The Microbiology Program provides graduate training leading towards PhD and MS degrees. The Program supports broad interests in microbiology, including environmental and pathogenic microbiology, with studies that encompass a spectrum of approaches from the ecological and organismal to the molecular genetic and biochemical. Faculty from several colleges and departments participate as major advisors.

Tuition:
Students accepted into the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics doctoral program receive financial support in the form of teaching and research assistantships. Graduate students typically receive a twelve-month stipend of $23,000, a full tuition waiver, and a medical insurance plan that also includes dental and vision coverage. Other graduate students are eligible for teaching and research assistantships.

A minimum GPA of 3.0 to 3.5 is required for admission to graduate programs, along with GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and statements of interest.

Statistics:
Applied 11,428
Admitted 9,269 81%
Enrolled total 3,696
Full Time: 3,481
Part Time 215

Standards:
Test - 25th % - 75th %
SAT Reading - 470 - 600
SAT Math - 490 - 620
SAT Writing - 0 - 0
ACT Composite - 21 - 26
ACT English - 19 - 26
ACT Math - 21 - 27
ACT Writing - 0 - 0

Retention / Graduation:
Retention rate 81%
4-year graduation rate 28%
6-year graduation rate 60%

Other Information:
26,393 students from all 50 states and nearly100 countries
Average 3.56 GPA among the fall 2012 incoming class
400 acres of historic, beautiful campus and 11,250 acres of college forests
More than 200 undergraduate degree programs and more than 80 graduate degree programs,
170,000 alumni
3,481 world-class faculty

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biological and Ecological Engineering (BS)
Biology (BS)
Biochemistry and Biophysics (BS)
Microbiology (BS)

Graduate Programs:
Biological and Ecological Engineering (MS, MENG, PhD)
Biochemistry and PhD (MS/PHD)
Microbiology (MS/PhD)

Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: February 1st for scholarship considerationssss
Graduate: January 15th

Application is available online: https://adminfo.ucsadm.oregonstate.edu/p...pLoginNon

For graduate programs, you may contact the specific department for application requirements.

Basic Information:
Marquette is a Catholic Jesuit University located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Located on a 93 acre campus in the University Hill district, Marquette offers all of the big city benefits available in Milwaukee. Life on campus at Marquette University offers an endless supply of activities, events and attractions. There are about 250 student organizations through which students can hone leadership skills, develop a commitment to service and deepen faith.



Marquette began as a dream of the Most Rev. Martin J. Henni, the first Catholic bishop of Milwaukee, but it took a trip overseas to find an investor to make it a reality. Belgian businessman Guillaume Joseph DeBuey promised $16,000 for the proposed "academy of learning." It was hardly enough to fund the establishment of a college but just enough to keep Bishop Henni's dream alive for the next eight years until he could purchase a parcel of land on a hill topping today's North 10th and West State streets.

Nearly three decades passed before the doors of Marquette College, a small liberal arts school for men named after Rev. Jacques Marquette, S.J., opened on Aug. 28, 1881. Bishop Henni died just two days later, one might guess satisfied that his work was finished. The mission of Marquette University is the search for truth, the discovery and sharing of knowledge, the fostering of personal and professional excellence, the promotion of a life of faith, and the development of leadership expressed in service to others.

First year students in engineering, nursing, or the first year honors program can live inspecial housing units to develop camaraderie and strong relationships with other students in their respective programs. Mashuda Hall, a sophomore dorm, was once the Coach House Motor Inn, where The Beatles stayed during their tour in 1964.

Undergraduate Programs:
Marquette University College of Health Sciences offers an undergraduate degree in the program of biomedical sciences. The biomedical sciences major combines human health sciences with the university's distinctive courses in the humanities and social sciences, and provides the intellectual tools and scientific proficiency to succeed in advanced studies in the health sciences. Undergraduate coursework includes many courses often reserved for graduate students, including histology, pharmacology, and molecular pathology. After completing the biomedical sciences degree program, students should be able to explain fundamental concepts in the major areas of biomedical sciences (anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, microbiology, pathology, pharmacology, and molecular pathology). Students should also be able to demonstrate scientific literacy and apply it to contemporary health care issues.

The biochemistry and molecular biology major at Marquette University analyzes the molecular structure and chemistry of biological systems. Discoveries in this discipline are revolutionizing our understanding of living systems, with far-reaching implications for fields such as medicine, agriculture and ecology. Marquette’s program in biochemistry and molecular biology provides an environment that supports both scientific and ethical inquiry in the discipline.

The biology major lives at the leading edge of science, using the latest technology to explore molecular medicine, ecology and the environment, genetic regulation of plant and animal development, microbial physiology and cell dynamics and motility.
All Marquette biological sciences majors take at least three courses taught entirely in the lab by a professor, not teaching assistants — an opportunity few national research universities provide their undergraduate biology majors.

Freshman admission requires High school transcript; ACT or SAT test scores from testing organization or on high school transcript, essay, Counselor Recommendation Form and a list of extracurricular activities.

Undergraduate Tuition: $34,200/year. Marquette offers financial aid in the form of scholarships, grants, and student loans. More than 90% of Marquette students receive some type of financial aid. Students can apply for financial aid by filling out the FAFSAA between January 1st and February 15th.

Graduate Programs:
Graduate students in the Biological Sciences program can choose to focus in Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Developmental Biology, Ecology, Genetics, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Neurophysiology, or Physiology. The biological sciences graduate program at Marquette University aspires to train experimental scientists capable of teaching and directing independent research by providing a broad theoretical background and an appreciation for the rigor of the scientific method. Students are prepared for employment in faculty positions and research posts in academia and industry.

Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin offer an interdisciplinary program in bioinformatics. The program prepares students for a multidisciplinary career in the biomedical sciences using mathematics, statistics and computer science. It is designed to provide students quantitative tools for analyzing data and problems associated with molecular, cellular, physiological and particularly, genetic systems. Students may select courses from a list of approved courses offered by the following departments at Marquette: Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science; Biology; Biomedical Engineering; and Electrical and Computer Engineering. In addition, courses are offered by the Department of Physiology and the Division of Biostatistics at Medical College of Wisconsin. Admission to this program requires undergraduate transcripts, three letters of recommendation, and a written statement. GRE scores are strongly recommended.

The Graduate School at Marquette University offers a biomedical engineering program as well. The biomedical engineering program is interdisciplinary in nature, involving the application of engineering and mathematics to the solution of problems related to medicine and biology.
Students in the biomedical engineering program can specialize in several different disciplines, including:
M.S.: Bioinstrumentation/Computers, Biomechanics/Biomaterials, Rehabilitation Bioengineering, Systems Physiology
M.E.: Biocomputing, Bioimaging, Bioinstrumentation, Biomechanics, Biorehabilitation
Ph.D.: Bioinstrumentation/Computers, Biomechanics/Biomaterials, Functional Imaging, Rehabilitation Bioengineering, Systems Physiology
More specific areas of research in the biomedical engineering program include: artificial limbs/prostheses, biomaterials, biotelemetry, cell transport and metabolism, cardiac electrophysiology, computers in medicine, functional imaging, head and spinal cord trauma, hemodynamics, human motion analysis, medical and biological image analysis, physiological signal processing, rehabilitation engineering, systems physiology, telerehabilitation, tissue engineering, hard and soft tissue biomechanics and transcutaneous power transfer. The bioengineering program is also a collaborative effort between Marquette University and the Medical College of Wisconsin.

Graduate tuition: $1025/credit hour. Graduate students at Marquette University are supported by teaching assistantships or grant-supported research.

Statistics:
Applied 22,354
Admitted 12,707 57%
Enrolled total 2,068
Full Time: 2,056
Part Time 12

Standards:
Test - 25th % - 75th %
SAT Reading - 520 - 630
SAT Math - 530 - 650
SAT Writing - 520 - 630
ACT Composite - 24 - 29
ACT English - 24 - 30
ACT Math - 24 - 29
ACT Writing - 8 - 9

Other Information:
Enrollment:
Undergraduate: Approximately 8300
Graduate: Approximately 3500
11 Schools and Colleges
78 Undergraduate majors and 77 undergraduate minors
More than 1200 Faculty members
In the College of Engineering for 2013, the graduate biomedical engineering program was ranked 51st.
Biological sciences at Marquette ranked as 181st overall and the chemistry program was 140th by US News and World Reports.
Marquette University has a chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa Honor Society

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Biological Sciences
Biomedical Engineering
Biomedical Sciences

Graduate Programs:
Bioinformatics (MS)
Biological Sciences (MS/PhD)
Biomedical Engineering (ME/MS/PhD)
Neuroscience (PhD)


Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: December 1st
Graduate: No official deadline; application review begins January 1st; Bioinformatics deadline January 15th

Applications are submitted online.
Undergraduate application: http://www.marquette.edu/explore/applytoday.shtml
Graduate application: https://marquette-grad.edu.185r.net/application/login/

Additive manufacturing or three dimensional (3D) printing has been the latest rage in the industry for a couple of years now. Its ability to bring an image to life is being explored by engineers and scientists all over the world. The basic technique behind additive manufacturing is that a printer connected to a computer or data source adds layer by layer to create the object desired. For example, if you wanted to create a 3D print out of a pen, you would first have to scan the pen and digitize its image. Then, software would convert the scanned and digitized image into a series of files which will acts as layers. Then the printer print out these files layer by layer which are then joined together by a heating coil to generate a three dimensional print out of the pen. This method is known as fused filament fabrication and is one among the wide variety of processes available for 3D printing.

Three dimensional printing has a lot of applications however; the most important among them is its use in the field of medicine. It is a widely known fact that when it comes to organ transplants, there aren’t nearly enough donors as there are patients. Almost three decades after its development, additive manufacturing is becoming affordable and therefore, accessible making them the best candidates for development of synthetic organs.

Biological printing or bioprinting as it is more famously known allows direct digital manufacture of cells onto a biological membrane. The bioprinter has an output that adds cells to a geometrically mapped biological membrane moving left to right, adding the cells where required. The printer moves slowly and steadily adding very thin layers of cells and after a couple of hours it generates an actual desired structure.
One of the pioneers in this field was scientist Makoto Nakamura who created the first successful bioprinter in 2002. He realized that the drops that are released by an inkjet printer are quite similar in size to an actual cell and set out to make a printer that could print biological materials. He succeeded in producing a bioprinter that prints out biotubing similar to a blood vessel. Almost a year later, Scientist Thomas Boland and his lab at the bioengineering department at Clemson University modified an inkjet printer to accommodate and dispense pre grown cells in scaffolds. Since scaffolds like hydro gels aren’t safe if inserted inside the body, Dr.Gabor Forgacs developed new technology that allowed cells to be printed without scaffolds. His lab has been able to successfully print cells in toroidal patterns and are currently working on tubular and cuboidal structures.

Another pioneer in the tissue engineering industry, Organovo created a bioprinter based on Forgacs technology. This printer, Novogen MMX bioprinter has two jets- one houses a hydrogel that acts as a temporary support for the cell, other houses a cartridge which contains the bioink. Cells in the bioink are pre-grown in form of spheroids and then added to the cartridge where they form the bioink. The jets add the bioink into the hydrogel and layer by layer a tissue is created. The naturally fused cells are left for incubation and growth in the growth medium and the hydrogel is removed.

In the first decade of its development, bioprinting has been able to produce blood vessels, cardiac tissue, nerve cells and lung tissue. Another giant in the industry, NovaCopy has successfully printed a 3D plastic prosthetic leg for a duck and hope to achieve similar success with biological materials. This would be a huge accomplishment and a great source of hope for the handicapped. It is extremely hard to find a good prosthetic arm or leg that perfectly matches an individual’s requirements perfectly.

In spite of the excitement in the industry regarding this new and promising form of regenerative medicine, scientists are asking individuals to hold on to their hearts and not to get carried away in the hype. Bioprinting is a new technology which still needs to be understood, perfected and made accessible. Scientists at various labs all over the world are still learning how to make living cells pass through a print head without killing them. It is said that the world is still looking at a decade or two before bioprinted organs become available for mass use. We also need to figure out how to reduce the time required to generate an actual organ (printing a liver now would take anywhere from 10 hours to more than a day). Despite the warnings and the long wait ahead, you CAN look forward to that day when long waits and exhausting donor lists will be a thing of the past.

Celgene is an American biotechnology firm develops pharmaceutical products for battling diseases such as cancer and several inflammatory disorders. This pharmaceutical firm has more than 4,500 employees across the globe and has its headquarters in Summit, New Jersey. The firm has undertaken more than 300 clinical trials for studying the effectiveness of the newly developed drugs.

The company laid its foundation in the year 1986 and was primarily a part of Celanese Corporation. During this year, the merger of Celanese Corporation and American Hoechst Corporation caused Celgene Corporation to operate as an independent biotechnological firm. Celgene Corporation is mission driven – manufacturing and developing therapeutic products for life threatening diseases such as cancer.

Celgene Corporation is a member of NASDAQ and S&P 500 component. The firm is traded as CELG and receives royalty from Novartis Pharma for its products of Ritalin family. These drugs are used for treatment of Attention Deficit Disorders.

Popular biotech products
The two major biotech products of Celgene Corporation are Thalamid and Ritalin. Thalomid is used for treatment of acute and severe ENL. This drug is indicated in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. It is also used for maintenance therapy for prevention and suppression of cutaneous manifestations. This drug has also several side effects and should be used with precautions. Females on this drug should abstain from sexual intercourse for at least 4 weeks to avoid getting pregnant. The other popular biotech products include:
• Pomalyst
• Vidaza
• Lifebank USA – for banking of placental and cord blood
• Revlimid
• Abraxane
• Isodax

Latest discoveries
Celgene Corporation is constantly carrying out research for developing oral therapies that can be used for treating the disease and not just its clinical symptoms. The scientists and physicians are the pioneers of this corporation and have a major contribution in development of both cell based and small – molecule therapies. These therapies are targeted towards development of drugs that would treat life threatening diseases such as cancer and several inflammatory disease conditions.

The drugs developed by Celgene Corporation have proved to be very effective against cancer and several other immune inflammatory diseases. However, it needs special mention here that, drugs have their own course of reaction in the body that can cause certain side effects. Side effects reported are deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Of the several drugs developed by this firm, pomalyst is one drug that had shown to cause the above mentioned side effects. When clinical trials were conducted with pomalyst, prophylactic anti-thrombotic measures were administered.

These anti-cancer drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy as they can cause fetal toxicity.

Recent company takeovers
Celgene Corporation has participated in several company mergers that have allowed the firm to manufacture and develop pharmaceutical drugs. The firm joined hands with Abraxis Bioscience in the year 2010 and gave birth to the drug Abraxane. The same year witnessed the merger of Celgene Corporation and Gloucester pharmaceuticals which led to the development of Istodax.

In the year 2012, Celgene and Avila pharmaceuticals signed an agreement for developing targeted covalent drugs aimed for treating cancer and other related disease through protein silencing. The merger of these two firms was worth $350 million. Celgene was also to receive an additional amount of $195 million on approval of AVL 292.

These products have several immunomodulatory and biological properties that have a pivotal role to play in treatment of cancer. In addition to this, these drugs also have anti – inflammatory and cellular properties that have targeted action towards the tumor cells and other immune-inflammatory diseases.

Recent corporate news
Of late Celgene Corporation announced the offering of senior unsecured notes at $1.5 billion. Of these, about $400 million will mature in the year 2018 and will have an interest rate of 2.300%. $700 million will mature in the year 2023 and have interest rate of 4%.





Work culture
The work culture at Celgene Corporation is positive and dynamic and the firm is ever striving hard to develop new and innovative therapeutics for treating cancer. It also participates in several programs that offer services to public who have very limited access to medical facilities.
Celgene considers the employees as its assets. The employees are a diverse group of people consisting of the scientists, PhD, clinical research scientists, lab technicians, regulatory experts, clinical coordinators, financial personnel, nurses, pharmacists and human resource managers. The employers are dedicated and hardworking, who also give their best to develop and deliver pharmaceutical drugs for the millions of individuals across the globe. The diverse group of talented employees allows the company to work in a balanced way.

Celgene is blessed with choicest of employees who are masters in their respective fields and are highly qualified. The firm provides appropriate training to its employees so that they can grow and take the company to new heights with each passing year.

Interesting events
Each year has been a remarkable year for Celgene Corporation. The European Commission granted approval for the drug Pomalidomide in the year 2013. This drug has been formulated for treating patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, which is a rare form of blood cancer. This drug Pomalidomide is been considered as a novel achievement in the area of drug pharmacy. This drug has been proved to be effective in treating the rare form of blood cancer by preventing its relapse.

The research data on studies of revlimid in high risk asymptomatic patients with multiple myeloma was published in the New England journal of medicine.

Recent job openings
Celgene Corporation is forever on the search for new, dynamic, highly qualified and hard working individuals who can take their firm and its research to new heights. The firm requires hard working employees who can carry out research with full dedication and perseverance. Individuals who have analytical minds and can carry out research for developing innovative products for the benefit of society at large. Interested individuals can drop in their resume and wait for the interview call. The recruiters will screen the individuals for the final selection process.

ARIAD pharmaceuticals is a global oncology firm that laid its foundation in the year 1991 at the hands of Larry Bock, David Blech and Harvey Berger. This firm is solely based on researching and developing drugs for treating cancer. The types of cancer that form the core areas of research for developing new medicines include acute and chronic leukemia, lung cancer and other forms of difficult – to – treat cancer.
ARIAD pharmaceuticals has its headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts and Luasanne. This pharmaceutical firm develops small molecular drugs that are effective for treating even the most difficult forms of cancers. The drugs are developed using structural and computational methodologies.

ARIAD pharmaceutical is a member of NASDAQ and is symbolized as ARIA.

Popular biotech products
Inclusig is a drug developed by ARIAD pharmaceuticals for treatment of leukemia. This medication is indicated in patients suffering from chronic, accelerated or blast – phase myeloid leukemia (CML). Patients who are put on Inlcusig must have exhibited intolerance or resistance to prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Individuals who did not show a positive response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor are given Inclusig drugs. However, so far no clinical trials have confirmed the positive aspects of Inclusig in patients with leukemia. Inclusig also did not confirm any improvement in the clinical signs and symptoms of leukemia and neither did it increase the survival rate of patients.

Latest discoveries
ARIAD pharmaceutical is expanding its areas of research for testing the efficacy of two drugs namely Inclusig and AP26113 in treatment of various types of cancer. So far, the drug Inclusig has received approval from FDA for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and Ph + ALL.
The Inclusig drug has been reported to give rise to several side effects. Clinical trials have reported that patients treated with Inclusig drug have suffered from arterial thrombosis, peripheral vascular thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke and cerebrovascular thrombosis. In addition to these cardiovascular diseases, Inclusig was also found to be the causative agent for liver toxicity, liver failure and death in patients. It has therefore been advised to constantly monitor the cardiac and liver functioning of patients treated with Inclusig. Deterioration in the functioning of these organs calls for immediate action which can also cause stoppage of Inclusig drug.

The drug AP26113 is a unique drug discovered by the firm and has certain unique genetic features that have targeted action against cancer cells. This is a small molecule drug that has been formulated for killing tumor cells of non-small cell lung cancer. ROS1 is molecular target agent found in non-small cell lung cancer; the drug AP26113 has shown to be effective against ROS1. However several clinical trials are required to further validate the effectiveness of this drug against ROS1.

Recent corporate news
During the year 2013, the net recorded sales of inclusig were $13.9 million by the quarter end. An increase in the cash equivalents and marketable securities was raised from $351.9 million to $398.3 million. It has been estimated that by the end of this year, the cash equivalents and marketable securities will range from $200 to $210 million.
The net loss recorded for the quarter end of 2013 was about $69 million and the cash used in operations was $245 million to $255 million. It has also been estimated that the new drug AP26113 is expected to create sales of $1 billion if the clinical trials get successful.

ARIAD pharmaceutical also conducts regular investors meetings for making corporate presentations. The month of September will witness a series of corporate presentations hosted by ARIAD pharmaceuticals.

Work culture
The work culture at ARIAD pharmaceutical has always been very positive with a strong determination of making a remarkable impact in developing drugs effective against cancer. In its journey of almost 2 decades, the firm has received recognition and has been honored with several business awards for outstanding performance. ARIAD pharmaceuticals is a power house of intellectual and passion driven individuals who can strive to any extent to deliver the best and superior quality products for cancer patients.

The year 2013 has really been an eventful year for ARIAD pharmaceuticals. The firm has been awarded with “The 2013 Ernst and young entrepreneur biotech award” for its entrepreneurs for their exceptional performance in the field of developing wonder drugs to fight cancer. The firm has also been a recipient of “The 2013 Gold Stevie award” for the company of year and “The 2013 Gold Stevie award” for the executive of the year. The Stevie awards are the nation’s premier business awards program.

Interesting events
The year 2013 is scheduled to witness some very important events for ARIAD pharmaceuticals.
• The firm released its second quarter financial results on the 7th of August, 2013. The same day, they also presented the corporate updates for the same year.
• The annual meeting of European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) has been scheduled on 27th of September to 1st of October 2013. This annual event will be held at Amsterdam, Netherlands.
• The 15th World conference on lung cancer has been scheduled from the 27th to 30th of October, 2013 at Sydney, Australia.



Recent job openings
ARIAD pharmaceuticals is always on the hunt for dynamic, passionate and highly qualified individuals who would take their firm to new horizons. Candidates who wish to bring a positive impact in the lives of cancer patients are most welcome to join the firm. Individuals who are hard working, dedicated and passion driven can carry out new research programs and develop new drugs for treating cancers. Interested individuals need to simply drop in their resume and wait for the recruitment process. Individuals can mail their resume at carrers@ariad.com and wait for a call from the recruiters.
ARIAD pharmaceuticals has several benefit programs for their employees. These include long term equity, stock options, employee stock purchase plan, tuition reimbursement, 401 (K) plan, holidays, paid time off, employee referral bonus, pass for public transportation, insurance of dental health, medical insurance and life insurance. The employees of this firm are also given benefits for short term and long term disability, long term care insurance and employee assistance program.

Seattle Genetics is an American biotechnology firm that develops antibiotic drug regimes for treating cancer. This company develops ADCs – antibody drug conjugates that are formulated for targeting and killing cancer cells. This class of drugs cause no harm to the neighboring normal and healthy cells thereby reducing the side effects caused by traditional chemotherapy drugs.

Seattle genetics laid its foundation in the year 1998 and has its headquarters in Bothell, Washington. The company completed its first public offering in the year 2011 and is also a member of the NASDAQ. Till date, this company has over 550 employees and all are driven with passion for helping people who are suffering from cancer. They also strive hard and leave no stone unturned in reaching out to the masses where medical facilities are few and limited.

Popular biotech products
Seattle genetics developed ADCETRIS (brentuximab vedotin) which is meant for intravenous use only. This medication is meant for patients with relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma and systematic anaplastic large cell lymphoma. This drug received approval from FDA in the year 2011 and is the first in new class of ADCs (antibody - drug conjugates).
ADCETRIS contains anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody that has cell – killing agent like properties – properties that have been developed by Seattle genetics ADC technology. This drug has participated in more than 20 ongoing clinical trials and 4 phase III studies. The trials are designed to test the efficacy of this drug in treating the early signs of lymphoma as well as certain additional types of CD-30 positive malignancies that includes cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), B-cell lymphomas and mature T-cell lymphomas (MTCL).

ADCEETRIS is approved in over 30 countries for treatment of relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma. These countries include United States, Canada, European Union and Switzerland. It is this one drug belonging to the class of ADCs that has been in use for more than 30 years in the United States for treating Hodgkin Lymphoma. Seattle genetics has joined hands with Millennium for jointly developing ADCETRIS.

Latest discoveries
Almost all the latest discoveries of Seattle genetics belong to the class of ADCs and are targeted towards treating several types of cancers. All the drugs have passed the phase I of clinical trials and the company will soon begin their testing of phase II followed by phase III after which they will be sent to FDA for approval. The following is a list of latest discoveries by Seattle genetics:
• SGN – 75 for treating Renal cell carcinoma and everolimus.
• ASG – 22ME targeted towards treating solid tumors.
• SGN – CD19A meant for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non – Hodgkin lymphoma.
• SGN – CD33A developed for treating acute myeloid leukemia.
• ASG – 15ME for treating bladder cancer.
• SGN – LIV1A developed for treating breast cancer.
All these are antibody – drug conjugates and are designed to specifically target the cancer cells while leaving the healthy cells untouched.

Recent company takeovers
Seattle genetics is expanding its business by collaborating with various firms for the ADC technology. The collaborating firms include AbbVie, Agensys, Bayer, Celldex, Daiichi Sankyo, Genentech, GlaxoSmithkline, Millennium, Pfizer and Progenics. Seattle genetics may also join hands with Genmab for expanding its area of research for the ADC class of drugs.

Recent corporate news
Seattle genetics is symbolized as SGEN in the NASDAQ stock. The price of stock of this firm is about $41.08.

In the year 2012, the European Commission, granted conditional marketing authorization for ADCETRIS to Millennium. Health Canada also approved the drug but with conditions in the year 2013.

Seattle genetics have benefitted a lot from the various collaborations for the ADC technology. Till date the firm has generated more than $225 million from the multiple licensing agreements and is expected to get an additional amount of $3.5 billion as potential milestones and royalties. In addition to this, there are more than 10 collaborator ADC programs in clinical development.

Work culture
Seattle genetics believes in making a positive impact in the lives of people struggling to outlive cancer. Individuals working with this firm are energetic, vibrant and can go to any extent to develop excellent ADC drugs for beating cancer to life. The employees of Seattle genetics work in collaboration to understand the values and goals of the organization and transform the ideas into targeted action. The firm appreciates and recognizes hard work and rewards its employees. It provides compensation and also has a benefit package that covers stock options, dental, medical, and disability insurance. The firm also has employee stock purchase plan and a 401 (K) plan for its employees. Seattle genetics rewards its employees for bringing laurels to the company by developing breakthrough technology for treating and beating a disease like cancer.

Interesting events
Any event in Seattle genetics is interesting with the regular innovations and developments they are coming up towards the treatment of cancer. The year 2013 has indeed been an eventful year for this firm. This year has witnessed the initiation of several clinical trials for some of the company’s new drugs.

Several drugs developed by this firm have entered into the second phase of clinical trials but are yet to receive approval from the FDA. Seattle genetics in collaboration with millennium has entered into the Phase III clinical trial for ADCETRIS CD-30. This drug is formulated for its action against mature T-cell lymphoma.

In the same year, the firm announced the initiation of two phases I trials for SGN-CD19A. The reports of all the trials are simultaneously presented in conferences to keep the world informed about the research data. The company also presented its reports on the second quarter of 2013 financial results.





Recent job openings
Seattle genetics is forever on the hunt for dynamic and highly qualified individuals to join their firm. The firm provides its employees with the appropriate resources to succeed and excel in their respective fields. Individuals who wish to build their future and career at Seattle genetics can drop in their resume and go through the recruitment process. The firm also has a reserved place for individuals with disabilities and they too can get in touch with the human resources department for the recruitment process.

Since past few years, there has been a growing concern about the discrepancy which exists between antibiotic resistance and the activities of drug manufacturers. Namely, Aaron Kesselheim, M.D., who is an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School, says that the antibiotic resistance is rapidly increasing, but, despite that, drug developers and manufacturers are turning away from the antibiotics development and focus more on other, more profitable products.

Frightening Statistics

In the world of hospital infections, which take $32 billion every year only in US, that trend is not favorable. In the last few years, only two antibiotics for serious infections are developed, and several are still in the process of development. Among them there are only a few which are effective against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) – today’s greatest threat in bacterial world. Global Information, Inc. estimates that there are only 66 companies dealing with antibiotics development and searching for new antibiotics, and more than 85% of them are small companies. Of the total 109 antibiotics that were in the process of development, 70% are in the Phase I (preclinical studies on laboratory animals). It will take 10-15 years for those medications to be approved and distributed to the market.

It is well – known that irrational use of antibiotics is the main causes of increasing antibiotic resistance. It takes a lot of time, money, resources, and professionals to develop and test a new drug, but if it is not conserved and carefully prescribed, all the effort is futile. In that case, the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotic is fast, progressive, and inevitable. Dr. Kesselheim has recently pointed out to this problem, and proposed a new reimbursement system in which an important factor for getting the grants would be a good plan for conservation of antibiotics.

Improving The Efficacy of Antibiotics

One way to address antibiotic resistance is to improve the efficacy of current antibiotics. Scientists from Enbiotix, a newly founded drug development company, claim that silver can be added to current antibiotics in order to improve their efficacy. Silver enhanced antibiotics are especially efficient against gram-negative bacteria, which are generally the most problematic group. Silver also enlarges the spectrum of many antibiotics such as vancomycin. Dr Morones Ramirez from Enbiotix says that silver-enhanced antibiotics have great possibilities, and believes that silver can be easily implemented in standard antibiotics in five years. Of course, the most important step is to investigate the safety of use and the toxicity of silver in laboratory animals, mammals, and finally in humans. Many big companies such as Pfizer are interested in this idea too.

Cubist Pharmaceuticals is a company founded in 1992, which emphasizes greatly the importance of antibiotics development. The scientists from that facility claim that the antibiotics will play an important role in the future. They are focusing their attention mainly on antibiotics for gram-negative bacteria, which they consider a greater concern than MRSA, because of the wide distribution. One of Cubist’s antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria – Ceftolozane, is currently in the Phase III of trials. Another drug they are developing is called Surotomycin, and it is intended for patients suffering from gram-negative infections caused by Clostridium Difficile. Clostridium difficile is a gram-negative, spore-forming bacterium which is responsible for a great number of hospital infections, and it manifests as pseudomembranous colitis.

Using Bacterial Toxins as Targets

Other than focusing on the elimination of bacteria, another approach is to develop the drugs which would target bacterial toxins, thus inactivating their toxic effects. Merck Company is currently testing several medications which are consisted of antibodies targeting the toxins of C. difficile (A and B). Merck is also working on antitoxin antibodies for hepatitis C virus (HCV), human cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). GlaxoSmithKline is putting much hope into its drug called Relenza, which is designed to inhibit the function of neuraminidase of influenza virus. Neuraminidase is an enzyme produced by influenza virus which allows it to destruct tissues, spread and attach human cells. They are also dealing with new solutions for malaria, HCV, and infections caused by bacteria. Basilea Pharmaceutica has also several drugs in different phases of clinical and preclinical trial. They have recently raised $89 million in order to intensify their study on carbapenems, a very powerful, broad - spectrum group of antibiotics used in the treatment of gram-negative as well as gram-positive infections.

Microbiome Regulation Approach

It is well known that different pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria are fighting for resources in our body. That means that if we could increase the number of non – pathogenic bacteria (commensal bacteria) at the place of infection, we would lower the number of pathogenic bacteria, thus helping our immune system to win the fight against the enemy. Second Genome is a pharmaceutical company which tries to apply this approach by modulation of gut microbiome. That could be particularly useful for hospital infections caused by Clostridium difficile.

With such a low number of pharmaceutical companies interested in antibiotics development, and the rapidly increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, it is unknown for how long are we going to be protected from serious bacterial infections. Scientists suggest that policy changes are needed in order to encourage companies to give more attention to this problem. Also, the control of antibiotic use has to be improved at all levels. Most of the countries have the laws prohibiting the purchase of antibiotics without prescriptions, but the problem lies in the small markets and stores that are still not under a strict surveillance. Unaware of the consequences of their actions, they are using their position in order to get personal benefit.

Basic Information:
The University of South Carolina (USC) is home to more than 200 years of history and tradition, rising from a single building in 1805 on what would become the heart of the campus, the Horseshoe. The 11 buildings that now make up the Horseshoe frame a lush lawn that is an irresistible gathering place.


The university is expanding west toward the Congaree River in support of its research initiatives in nanotechnology, health sciences, Future Fuels™, the environment and information technologies. The Department of Biological Sciences is located in the Coker Life Sciences Building.

Undergraduate Programs:
The Department of Biological Sciences at the University of South Carolina offers a focused program of courses for undergraduate students seeking a Major in Biological Sciences, as well as courses for students needing to satisfy specific for other Majors including Nursing, Pharmacy and Public Health, and courses with broad impact for students seeking to satisfy a science requirement for other programs. Courses are taught by a faculty of some 40 professors with exceptional academic backgrounds and expertise ranging from molecular and cell biology to organismal and environmental biology, from bacteria to plants and animals, from neuroscience and behavior to developmental biology and cancer. A major advantage of education at a large university is the opportunity students have to participate in the research projects of professors. Many research labs include undergraduate researchers. Typically, students become familiar with professors through their classes and through the descriptions of professor research on the department web site. Students can join laboratories as early as their freshman year. Research efforts can receive course credit

The Biomedical Engineering Program at the University of South Carolina prepares its graduates technically and professionally to meet the growing demands for positions in biomedical engineering industry and academia or continuing studies in graduate programs and medical schools. By continuously improving the undergraduate and graduate programs, the Program responds to the rapidly changing field of biomedical engineering to serve as an effective resource and partner for industry, government, and academia.

Undergraduate admissions requires the following high school course work: 4 years of mathematics, 4 years of English, 3 years of laboratory sciences, 3 years of social studies, 2 years of foreign languages, 1 year of fine arts, 1 year of physical education, and 1 year of electives.

Undergraduate tuition: $9768/year in state; $25,952/year out of state

USC provides many financial aid options to students, including scholarships, loans, and grants. 90% of undergraduate students at USC receive some form of financial aid.

Graduate Programs:
The University Of South Carolina Department Of Biological Sciences offers both research and non-research based graduate degrees. The primary goal is towards research training; students pursuing a research based path earn either Ph.D. or M.S. degrees. Students achieving Ph.D. degrees typically continue on as postdoctoral fellows on a career track directed towards academic research and teaching or industrial research. The Department also offers three non-research Professional Masters degrees. The Professional Science Masters Degrees in Bioinformatics and in Biotechnology are both aimed at training students to work with businesses in the scientific contexts of the disciplines. The Professional Masters degree in Teaching (the MAT) is aimed at developing high quality science teachers in secondary education.

The MS and PhD degree programs in Biomedical Engineering are a joint effort between the College of Engineering and Computing, the School of Medicine, and the College of Arts and Sciences. Graduate degrees in Biomedical Engineering will focus on the quantitative methods characteristic of engineering that are not a primary focus of traditional medical or biological education. The College of Engineering and Computing will house the students and administration of the program. The curriculum calls for four core lecture courses, two of which will be taught primarily by engineering faculty and two that will be taught primarily by School of Medicine faculty. Engineering, Medicine, and Arts & Sciences will also develop elective courses. Faculty from all three colleges and schools will collaborate in research. In addition, USC faculty will collaborate on research with the Medical University of South Carolina and Clemson University through several federally-funded initiatives.

The University Of South Carolina College Of Medicine offers graduate programs as well. The Biomedical sciences program offers PhD and master’s degrees. The School of Medicine offers a Ph.D. in Biomedical Sciences through either the ‘Integrated Biomedical Science Program’ or directly through the Post-Baccalaureate and Graduate Program. In the integrated program the student has a choice to select a faculty mentor from different departments of the University of South Carolina, including the School of Medicine (Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience), the School of Arts and Sciences (Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry), the School of Pharmacy and the School of Public Health (Department of Exercise Science). In the Post-Baccalaureate and Graduate Program the students will have a choice of selecting faculty mentor only from the departments within the School of Medicine. In the latter program, students can select from over forty faculty members with expertise in areas including cancer, inflammation, neuroscience, cardiovascular biology, alternative medicine and others.

Students have access to state-of-the-art equipment to help with research. The Instrumentation Resource Facility at USC is an integral component of the research and teaching mission of the University of South Carolina School of Medicine. Located within the facility are several major pieces of state-of-the-art biomedical research equipment that provide techniques ranging from whole animal through single cell imaging to analysis at the molecular level. The IRF also houses a full range of ancillary equipment that is available for sample preparation. In addition to serving as a resource for acquisition of primary data, the IRF also has the capacity for image enhancement and related data analysis.

Graduate students in the Department of Biological Sciences receive stipends for teacher assistantships or research assistantships. The Graduate School offers a range of fellowships and merit-based awards to attract and support outstanding graduate students. In addition, travel grants are offered for up to $1,000 to encourage and support student presentation of research at professional meetings nationally and internationally.

GRE scores, undergraduate transcripts, and letters of recommendation are required for admission to graduate programs at USC.

Graduate tuition: $10,916/year in state; $23,444/year out of state

Statistics:
Applied 18,485
Admitted 12,914 70%
Enrolled total 4,468
Full Time: 4,423
Part Time 45

Standards:
Test 25th % 75th %
SAT Reading 530 630
SAT Math 560 650
SAT Writing 0 0
ACT Composite 24 29
ACT English 22 30
ACT Math 23 27
ACT Writing 0 0

Retention / Graduation:
Retention rate 87%
4-year graduation rate 46%
6-year graduation rate 69%

Other Information:
Enrollment: 31,288 (Columbia campus, fall 2012)
14 degree-granting colleges and schools
Approximately 1,604 Full-time faculty

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biological Sciences (BS)
Biomedical Engineering (BS)


Graduate Programs:
Bioinformatics (PMS)
Biotechnology (PMS)
Teaching (MAT)
Ecology, Evolution, and Physiology (MS/PhD)
Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MS/PhD)
Plant Sciences (MS/PhD)
Biomedical Engineering (MS/PhD)
Biomedical Sciences (MS/PhD)


Dual Degree Programs:
MD/Ph.D. Biomedical Sciences
MD/MPH Public Health


Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: October 15th Early Answer Applications, November 15th Honors College Applications, December 1st Regular Admission
Graduate: Varies by program

Applications are completed online.
Undergraduate: https://www.applyweb.com/apply/uscc/index_usccapp.html
Graduate: http://www.gradschool.sc.edu/prospective...age=apply

Basic Information:
The University of California, Riverside is one of 10 universities within the prestigious University of California system, and the only UC located in Inland Southern California. Widely recognized as one of the most ethnically diverse research universities in the nation, UC Riverside's current enrollment is more than 20,000 students, with a goal of 21,000 students by 2020. The campus is in the midst of a tremendous growth spurt with new and remodeled facilities coming on-line on a regular basis. UC Riverside offers undergraduate and graduate biotechnology programs.
The Department of Biology at UC Riverside conducts research, teaching, and service in many areas of the life sciences, including animal behavior, behavioral endocrinology, bioinformatics, cell biology, conservation biology, developmental biology, ecology, evolution, molecular biology, phylogenetics, physiology, population biology, and systematics. The undergraduate major is designed for students interested in a variety of careers, including basic and applied research, education, environmental science, medicine, and science policy. Undergraduate students are encouraged to participate in faculty-mentored research projects. Faculty and graduate students are affiliated with several interdepartmental graduate programs, including Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology (CMDB), Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology (EEOB), Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics (GGB), Biomedical Sciences, and Neuroscience.


UC Riverside has available a Natural Reserve System for students interested in studying ecology and the environment. This system was formed by the University of California in 1965 to preserve for study a series of undisturbed natural areas representing the state's vast ecological diversity. Since then the system has grown to include twenty-seven reserves, eight of them administered by the UCR Committee of the Natural Reserve System. The reserves administered by the Riverside campus are described in the Special Study Resources and Facilities section of this catalog. Most of the reserves are undeveloped except for fencing, roads and trails, but laboratory facilities, housing and campgrounds for class use are available at some sites. The reserves are used as outdoor classrooms and laboratories by students, teachers and researchers from educational institutions, public and private, throughout the state, across the nation and around the world. Some of the courses offered by the UCR Department of Biology include field trips and overnight camping trips to the reserves. In the field, students are introduced to the great diversity of plant and animal organisms in Southern California, and to the effect of environmental factors on this diversity.

Undergraduate Programs:
The Department of Biology offers B.A. and B.S. degrees in Biology. The research and teaching of the department includes the different levels of biological organization: cellular, developmental, physiological, organismal, ecological, and populational. An overview of processes at all these levels is presented in the introductory courses and emphasis is placed on the unifying principles of the discipline. Those who choose to obtain a B.S. degree have as a college breadth requirement an additional 16 units in upper-division biology courses and/or substantive courses in a field or fields related to the major. The purpose of this related area is to add strength and breadth to the major and to meet specific requirements for postgraduate study or a chosen career. These courses are selected with the assistance and approval of a faculty advisor. The substantive courses in fields related to the major may be lower or upper division, but they usually have science or mathematics prerequisites. Specializations are available for medical professionals, laboratory technicians, allied health, and teaching.

UC Riverside offers a bachelor’s of science degree in bioengineering from the school of engineering. Students enrolled in the Bioengineering program will have a broad preparation that will enable them to enter various fields such as biotechnology, biomedical engineering, and medicine. Biotechnology companies use modern knowledge of molecular and cellular biology to make a wide variety of products such as antibiotics, hormones (e.g. insulin), vitamins, detergent enzymes, vaccines, and drug delivery systems. Medical companies use current engineering advances to make pacemakers, imaging machines (e.g. MRI, ultrasound, CAT scans), diagnostic tools (gene chips, glucose meters) and tools for minimally invasive surgery. In addition, curriculum at the University of California Riverside provides the core courses for entry into most medical schools.

Freshman applicants to UC Riverside need a minimum high school GPA of 3.0 (in-state) or 3.4 (out-of-state). Students should have the following coursework completed in high school: 2 years history/social science; 4 years English; 3-4 years Mathematics; 2-3 years Foreign Language; 1 year Visual and Performing Arts; 1 year College-Preparatory Elective.

Undergraduate tuition:
In state: $11,220/year
Out of state: $34,098/year

83% of undergraduate students at UC Riverside receive financial aid. Aid is available in the form of loans, scholarships, grants, employment, and work-study.


Graduate Programs:
UC Riverside offers a graduate program in Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Bioloy (EEOB), leading to either a master’s of science degree or a PhD. Students can focus on evolution, ecology, or physiology. Both degrees are primarily research based. Course work is required early on to help students prepare for higher-level studies.

The Bourns School of Engineering offers a bioengineering interdepartmental graduate (BIG) program. The program is designed to allow students to choose their area of study with great flexibility. The BIG program offers both master’s degrees and doctoral degrees. A master’s of science is not required for entry into the PhD program.

The UC Riverside School of Medicine offers a PhD program in biomedical sciences. The mission of UC Riverside’s Ph.D. program in biomedical sciences is to train independent research scientists to enable them to bridge the wide gulfs that currently exist between basic science research and clinical medicine. The program provides graduate students research and educational experiences that uniquely integrate a systems- and disease-based medical curriculum with experimental applications to biomedical research problems. Students in the program are required to work as teaching assistants for at least one quarter.

The priority application deadline for the EEOB program is December 1st. The application deadline for the graduate school is January 5th. GRE testing and 3 recommendation letters are required for application to graduate programs offered at UC Riverside. A minimum GRE score of 300 is required for most programs.

Graduate tuition:
In state: $11,220/year
Out of state: $26,322/year

UCR offers a variety of multi-year fellowship packages for incoming students that may include stipends, full or partial payment of tuition and fees, and appointment as a Teaching Assistant (TA) or Graduate Student Researcher (GSR). The fellowships help students offset the cost of education.



Statistics:
Applied 26,480
Admitted 20,094 76%
Enrolled total 4,469
Full Time: 4,458
Part Time 11

Standards:
Test 25th % 75th %
SAT Reading 450 560
SAT Math 480 610
SAT Writing 460 570
ACT Composite 19 24
ACT English 17 24
ACT Math 19 26
ACT Writing 0 0

Other Information:
Enrollment:
18,539 undergraduates
2,466 graduate students
107 Bachelor’s degree programs; 56 Master’s degree programs; 477 PhD programs; and 10 state teaching certifications
Washington Monthly 2011 ranked UCR 5th in the nation in contributing to the public good.
U.S. News & World Report ranked UCR among the top tier of universities nationwide in their 2010-11 survey.

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biochemistry (BA/BS)
Bioengineering (BS)
Biological Science (BS)
Biology (BA/BS)


Graduate Programs:
Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology (MS/PhD)
Evolutionary Biology Joint-Doctoral Program with San Diego State University
Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics
Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology
Neuroscience
Biomedical Sciences


Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: Applications are accepted November 1st through November 30th
Graduate: The priority deadline is January 5th. Some programs may still accept applications after January 5th; however, spaces will be limited.

Applications to UC Riverside are submitted electronically via the school’s website. Undergraduate applications can be submitted at: https://admissions.universityofcaliforni...login.htm

Graduate applications can be submitted at: https://gradsis.ucr.edu/gradsis/GSIS_LOG...n_student

Basic Information:
Tulane University is one of the nation's most prestigious educational and research institutions. Founded in 1834 in New Orleans, Tulane offers degrees in architecture, business, law, liberal arts, medicine, public health and tropical medicine, the sciences and engineering, and social work. Tulane’s uptown campus includes 110 acres and 80 buildings, housing the majority of its schools and colleges. The F. Edward Hebert Research Center, near Belle Chasse, La., provides research facilities in medicine and environmental, behavioral and computer sciences.


Tulane University has a wide variety of biotechnology programs available, offered at the School of Sciences and Engineering, The School of Medicine, and the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine. There are both undergraduate and graduate biotechnology programs available at Tulane University.

Undergraduate Programs:
The undergraduate bioengineering program at Tulane University provides students with the breadth required for participation in the interdisciplinary field of biomedical engineering and the depth required by engineers to advance practice in the engineering discipline.

The major in Cell and Molecular Biology at Tulane University is designed for students interested in exploring the features and activities of cells, genes, and biomolecules which are the most fundamental constituents of all living things. Some are attracted by a desire to elucidate new biological principles, whereas others are more interested in applying molecular principles and methods to solve practical problems facing medicine and biotechnology. Either way, the major attracts those who are curious about the mechanisms by which living systems function, develop, and interact with their environment.

The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology will be recognized as a center for solution-based science in ecology and evolutionary biology. The foci will be tropical and river-coast ecosystems. The Department conducts translational research: basic scientific advance is not only an end in itself but also a means to providing solutions to global environmental challenges. The Department will provide students with the theory and skills needed to question, discover, understand and restore. The Department offers degrees in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EEBI), Environmental Biology (ENVB), and Environmental Science - Biology Track (ENSB).

Suggested high school coursework for undergraduate admissions includes: 4 years of English, 3 years of Mathematics, 2 years of foreign language, 3 years of laboratory science, and 3 years of social studies.

Undergraduate tuition: $45,240/year
Tulane offers both merit-based and need-based financial aid to students. All freshman applicants are automatically considered for merit-based scholarships of at least $10,000. A net-price calculator is available on Tulane University’s website at: http://admission.tulane.edu/aid/netpricecalc.php


Graduate Programs:
The Department of Bioengineering has three degrees available for graduate students. They offer a master’s of science without a thesis requirement, master’s of science with a thesis requirement, and PhD. Admission to the PhD program does not require a master’s degree. The Department of Biomedical Engineering is committed to being a global leader in biomedical engineering scholarship. All faculty members are actively engaged in research sponsored by federal, state and/or private organizations.

The Department of Cell and Molecular Biology offers a PhD and master’s degree program. The PhD is a traditional, research-based curriculum. The master’s program is a one year program, and is designed for students who which to continue on with their education to medical school, law school, business school, or PhD studies. The laboratories of the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology are fully equipped for modern research in developmental biology, cell biology, microbiology, neurobiology and molecular biology. Major items include confocal and deconvolution microscopes, scanning and transmission electron microscopes, tissue culture facilities, a transgenic and knockout mouse core facility, and a state-of-the-art molecular neurobiology core laboratory. Students in the department also have access to facilities located at the Tulane National Primate Research Center and the Tulane University Health Sciences Center, including the Gene Therapy Center and the Center for Bioenvironmental Research.

The Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology offers graduate programs leading to the Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees. The curriculum is designed to encourage maximum student choice and independence while maintaining a close student-advisor relationship. Students are encouraged to adopt a broad, integrative view of science and biological research. Course offerings cover such areas as animal and plant physiology, plant ecology, plant-animal interactions, population biology, structural and evolutionary biology, systematic biology, environmental toxicology, marine/estuarine ecology, and the biology of diverse groups of plants and animals. Students participate in an active departmental seminar program and informal research discussion groups.

The Tulane School of Medicine offers a Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, a Human Genetics Program, an Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Aging Studies, and a Master of Science in Clinical Research Program. The Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences is organized as an interdisciplinary, interdepartmental, and intercampus program, comprised of faculty actively engaged in biomedical research. The goal of the program is to train scientists in a collaborative scientific community driven by creativity and innovation. The program gives students access to resources and faculty from the Tulane School of Medicine, School of Science and Engineering, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and the Tulane Regional Primate Research Center. The curriculum is guided by a board of representatives composed of members of each department. Academic departments within the Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences include: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmacology, Physiology, and Structural and Cellular Biology. There is also a combined MD/PhD Physician Scientist Program.

The School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine also offers a variety of masters degree programs, studying biostatistics, bioinformatics, epidemiology or clinical research. The mission of the Department of Biostatistics is to advance the discipline by training students in methods research and its application, conducting methodological and collaborative interdisciplinary research in the fields of public health and medicine, and by providing to the academic, research and professional committees. Admission to the PhD program requires a master's degree in statistics or related field or 30 graduate-level credits in the disciplines of: statistics, biostatistics, bioinformatics, biological sciences, or related fields.

Graduate programs at Tulane University offer teaching assistantships, research assistantships, and fellowships to students to help offset the cost of education. The PhD program from the department of cell and molecular biology provides a $25,000/year fellowship to students for either teaching or research assistantships.

Most graduate programs require a bachelor’s degree with a minimum B+ average. GRE scores, transcripts, and letters of recommendation are required.

Graduate tuition: $46,930/year

Tulane University Statistics:
Applied 37,767
Admitted 9,422 25%
Enrolled total 1,642
Full Time: 1,642
Part Time 0

Standards:
Test 25th % 75th %
SAT Reading 620 710
SAT Math 620 700
SAT Writing 640 720
ACT Composite 29 32
ACT English 29 34
ACT Math 27 32
ACT Writing 0 0

Retention / Graduation:
Retention rate 90%
4-year graduation rate 60%
6-year graduation rate 73%

Other Information:
Enrollment:
Undergraduate: 8,423
Graduate and Professional: 5,063
Full Time Personnel:
Faculty: approximately 1,140
Staff: approximately 2,970
According to U.S. News and World Report, Tulane University is among the top national universities in the United States, ranked 51st among the best national universities and in the top 27 for its service learning programs. The magazine also ranked Tulane 12th among "Up-and-Coming" schools and 33rd in its "High School Counselor's Picks."
U.S. News and World Report ranked the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine 13th in the nation and its healthcare management program 25th.

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biological Chemistry Major (BS)
Cell and Molecular Biology Major (BS)
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Major (BS)
Environmental Biology Major (BS)
Environmental Science Major (BSE)

Graduate Programs:
Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences (MS/PhD)
Human Genetics Program (MS/PhD)
Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Aging Studies (PhD)
Master of Science in Clinical Research Program (MS)
Biostatistics & Bioinformatics (MS/PhD)
Biology (MS/PhD)
Biological Engineering (MS/PhD)
Neuroscience (MS/PhD)

Dual Degree Programs:
MD/PhD Physician Scientist Program


Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: November 15th, early action. January 15th, regular admission
Graduate: varies by program; most programs January 15th

Applications are submitted online.
Undergraduate Application: https://www.tulaneinfo.org/freshman/
Graduate Application: https://app.applyyourself.com/AYApplican...=tulane-g

Image source: http://www.frenchquartercondotrends.com/...ployer.jpg

Basic Information:
Located in beautiful Chicago, IL, Loyola University is a private Jesuit college. Loyola University was founded in 1870 as St. Ignatius College by the Roman Catholic Church. It is the largest Jesuit institution in the United States. There are 3 campuses throughout the Chicago area and one campus in Rome. The Chicago campuses are Lake Shore Campus, Water Tower Campus, and the Health Sciences Campus. Biotechnology programs at Loyola University are offered for both undergraduate and graduate students.


The Department of Biology is located in the Quinlan Life Sciences building at the Lake Shore Campus. The facility contains: environmental rooms; a digital imaging facility; digital molecular analysis equipment; darkrooms; equipment rooms; greenhouses; insectary; an herbarium; an artificial stream; and accredited small animal rooms. The department is located along beautiful Lake Michigan, offering students a fantastic natural resource for studying ecology and other related fields of biology.

The Stritch College of Medicine is located at the Loyola Health Sciences Campus in Maywood, IL, just west of downtown Chicago. The Health Sciences Campus contains the hospital, college of medicine, college of nursing, as well as research labs in the medical sciences. The facilities are state-of-the-art, and have equipment available to suit a variety of research needs. In addition, because all of the facilities are located close by, it is easy for researchers to collaborate on projects. Both clinical and basic scientific research is performed at the medical center. A new medical education and research building will soon be constructed at the Health Sciences Campus, and is scheduled to open in 2016.

Undergraduate Programs:
Loyola University offers a bachelor’s degree in biology. This degree can be obtained with an emphasis on either molecular biology or ecology. In addition, Loyola offers a five-year program resulting in a bachelor’s degree in biology and either a master’s degree in secondary education or a master’s in business administration. These dual programs help prepare students for careers in teaching and in industry.

Undergraduate tuition is approximately $32,000.00 per year. Scholarships and student loans are available to qualifying students. Approximately 96% of first year students received some type of financial aid. All freshman applicants are automatically considered for merit-based financial aid. Students should complete the FAFSA each year to be considered for various forms of financial aid.


Graduate Programs:
The department of biology offers a traditional master’s of science degree. They also offer a master’s of arts degree in medical science (MAMS). This programmed is designed to help students prepare for entry into medical school. Coursework in the MAMS programs includes graduate-level classes in human anatomy, medical ethics, and other relevant courses for students preparing for medical school. Students must have an undergraduate GPA of at least 3.0 and an MCAT score of at least 25 to qualify for admission. May 15th is the cut-off date for Scholarship Priority Consideration. Admission to the program must be accepted by July 15th. Many students accepted to the program who are wait listed at medical schools try to wait as long as possible to ensure they have not been admitted to medical school. However, due to the highly competitive nature of the program, Loyola University recommends accepting admission as quickly as possible.

The Stritch School of Medicine also offers an Integrated Program in the Biomedical Sciences (IPBS), for students wishing to pursue a PhD. The IPBS program has six tracks of study available: biochemistry and molecular biology; cell and molecular physiology; integrative cell biology; molecular pharmacology and therapeutics; microbiology and immunology; and neuroscience. Students in the IPBS program take core courses the first year that help prepare them for more advanced study in their individual fields. Core courses include biochemistry and molecular biology, statistics, ethics, cell biology, and research skills. Students participate in department-specific seminar series and journal clubs to help improve public speaking and data presentation skills. The IPBS graduate program has many advantages. There is an emphasis on developing public speaking skills, which is important for scientists to properly present their data. The faculty members at Loyola University are experts in their fields. In addition, students have found that the environment is very focused on their development as research scientists.

The college of medicine also offers a master’s degree in public health, and a master’s of science in clinical research. The master’s degree in public health can have a concentration in health policy and law, health management, or epidemiology. The Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute (InDIRI), also located at the Loyola Medical Center, offers a master’s of science degree in immunology and infectious disease focusing on translational research.

Many students at the Loyoloa Health Sciences Campus elect to live in Oak Park and Forest Park, Illinois. These two towns are located close to Maywood. Apartments are available for reasonable rent, and shopping and public transportation are readily available. Students can also find apartments in downtown Chicago. Commuting to the medical center is available via bus, and parking is also available for students who choose to drive.

Application review for graduate programs offered by the Stritch School of Medicine begins December 1st, and admittance is offered on a rolling basis. Therefore, students are encouraged to apply as early as possible to ensure space is available in the program. The deadline for submitting application material is March 15th.


Graduate tuition is approximately $15,600 per year. However, the IPBS PhD program offers students a stipend of $27,000 per year. Students also receive full a tuition scholarship for 48 credit hours of coursework. In addition, beyond the 48 credit hours required for the Ph.D. degree, students are reimbursed for the cost each semester for Dissertation Supervision. The student must remain in good academic standing in order to receive this financial support.

Statistics:
Applied: 17,828
Admitted: 9,793 55%
Enrolled total: 1,930
Full Time: 1,928
Part Time 2

Standards:
Test 25th % 75th %
SAT Reading 540 660
SAT Math 540 650
SAT Writing 530 640
ACT Composite 25 29
ACT English 25 31
ACT Math 24 28
ACT Writing 8 9

Retention / Graduation:
Retention rate 87%
4-year graduation rate 48%
6-year graduation rate 68%

Other Information:
Total enrollment: 16,040
71 undergraduate majors and 71 minors
85 master's, 31 doctoral degrees, and 26 graduate-level certificate programs
1,469 full-time staff members, 139 part-time staff members, and 784 full-time faculty members
15:1 Undergraduate student/faculty ratio
150,000 alumni; 85,000 in Chicago
One of only eight percent of all American colleges and universities to have a Phi Beta Kappa honor society chapter

Undergraduate Programs and Majors:
Biochemistry (BS)
Bioinformatics (BS)
Biology (BS)
Biophysics (BS)
Environmental Studies (BA)

Graduate Programs:
Biology (MS)
Medical Sciences (MA)
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (MS/PhD)
Bioethics (DBE)
Bioethics and Health Policy (Online MA and Online Certificate)
Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy (MS/PhD)
Cellular and Molecular Physiology (MS/PhD)
Clinical Research Methods (MS)
Infectious Diseases and Immunology (MS)
Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences (PhD)
Microbiology and Immunology (MS/PhD)
Molecular Biology (MS/PhD)
Neuroscience (MS/PhD)
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (MS/PhD)
Public Health (MPH)

Dual Degree Programs:
5-Year Program (MEd/BS or MBA/BS)
Bioethics and Health Policy/Medicine (MA/MD)
MD/PhD Program with Stritch School of Medicine




Application Deadlines:
Undergraduate: December 1st
Graduate: March 15th

Applications are submitted online.

Undergraduate Application: https://uao.luc.edu/apply/

Graduate Application: https://gpem.luc.edu/apply/

Need to ask few questions. I have recently done MBBS from Pakistan, now I want to pursue my career in genetic engineering especially related to gene therapy. But i don't know how to take a start here in pakistan, most of the institutes here are offering M.phil in biotechnology (that is gross). UHS is offering M.phil in human genetics. No one is specifically related to Gene therapy, while in USA there is special fellowship training program of 2 years for physicians in clinical genetics. Can you please elaborate me the difference between the M.phil in human genetics, biotechnology, clinical genetics. It is difficult to get a admission in USA, so while living in Pakistan how should I start? Should i go for M.phil?

Best Regards

Alcon is a renowned pharmaceutical company for eye health care based in USA. This company laid its solid foundation in the year 1945 with a small ophthalmic shop. Ever since 1945 Alcon has achieved considerable amount of success and it has grown to become the second largest division of Novartis. This company has both pharmaceutical and surgical options in eye health for all age groups. Be it any eye – related conditions or disease, Alcon will have “the answer”.



Known for its wide variety and super quality eye care products, Alcon has more than 24,000 associates across 75 countries. The company was jointly owned by two pharmacists namely, Robert Alexander and William Coner when they opened their first small pharmacy and named it Alcon (Al of Alexander and Con of Coner).

The year 1950, was a year of real achievement for Alcon Labs; the company released its first two ophthalmic products – Opthalzin that was meant for treating eye infections and Zincfrin for treating red and itchy eyes. In the year 1953, Alcon introduced the dropper – dispensing eye drop bottle, which is now being used by all pharmaceutical companies for bottling eye care products.

Alcon has basically three core business areas: surgical, pharmaceutical and vision care. Its products are globally available in over 180 markets. The journey does not end here; the firm is forever aspiring to do research and more research to bring out world class eye products that would enable better vision to the world and keep all kinds of eye diseases at bay.

Alcon works with the mission of better vision and disease – free eye sight for all!!

Popular biotech products
Products manufactured and developed by Alcon Labs are all based on improving the quality of vision for all age groups. Below is a list of few products developed by the company:
• Acrysert delivery system
• Acrysof IQ IOLs
• Acrysof – multipeice IOLs – posterior convex IOL and expand series IOLs
• Acrysof restor / IQ restor IOLs
• Anterior chamber lenses
• Alomide ophthalmic solution
• Air optix aqua contact lenses
• Aqualase solution
• Azopt ophthalmic solution
• Betadine ophthalmic preparation
• BSS irrigating solution
• Cellugel ophthalmic ointment
• Duovisc viscoelastic system
• Emadine ophthalmic solution
• Flarex ophthalmic solution
• Focus dailies
• Freshlook toric colorblends
• Genteal lubricating eye drops
• Icaps eye vitamin
• Iopidine ophthalmic solution
• Isopto ophthalmic solution
• Kelman multiflex III PMMA single – piece anterior chamber lenses
• Maxidex ophthalmic suspension
• Simbrinza

The latest drug released in the year 2013, is the Ilevro which is a nepafenac ophthalmic suspension for treating the post surgical cataract procedure. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that would also ease out the inflammation caused due to cataract surgery. Simbrinza and ilevro are the two latest drug discoveries by Alcon labs.

Recent company takeovers
Since its inception, each and every year has been quite eventful for Alcon Labs. Focusing on the latest news, the company joined hands with Novartis in the year 2011. This merger allowed Alcon Labs to partner with leading eye care brands of the world and take their research and development of eye care products to newer heights.

Next, the company entered into legal agreement with ThromboGenics in 2012 for commercializing ocriplasmin outside US.

In the same year, Alcon acquired Endure medical systems for widening its area of expertise in the field of cataract and vitroretinal surgeries. One of the latest innovations in instruments for carrying out cataract surgery is the LuxOr Opthalmic microscope that provides better intraoperative visualization.

It also attained the ophthalmic division of Sensomotoric instruments making way for the company to enter in the area of ocular surgical guidance technology. Ocular surgical guidance technology has enabled the surgeons to carry out the most complicated eye surgeries with ease.

Recent corporate news
Alcon is the second largest division of the Novartis group and it had proforma sales of about $10.2 billion in the year 2012.
Alcon labs provides incredible support to the “Lifeline Express” – a program supported by the Ministry of health, ministry of railways and many other notable organizations. This program offers free cataract surgery, and treats about more than 12,000 cataract patients every year.

Work culture
Work culture at Alcon Labs is very professional and the company is loaded with dynamic and hardworking individuals who strive very hard to take the company forward. The employers are allowed to move out of Alcon and join other divisions of the parent Company – Novartis.
Developing new and innovative eye care products is the main motto of this firm. Not only eye disease, but several eye conditions such as refractive errors of all kinds can be treated with eye products of Alcon Labs.

Alcon labs is mission – driven: they develop innovative products for eye health thereby improving the quality of life. Name any disease or conditions of the eye, and Alcon has a solution to it. Alcon is your partner throughout your eye life cycle.

Interesting events
In the year 2013, Alcon has come up with a new product – Simbrinza approved by the FDA as a combination therapy for patients with glaucoma. This product is a beta – blocker and offers a broad spectrum that can be useful for patients in any stage of glaucoma disease. The main quality of Simbrinza is its effectiveness in decreasing the intraocular pressure by about 21 – 35%.

In the same year, Alcon launches the hardware and software upgrades for the Infinit vision system.

In the year 2012, Alcon celebrated 30 years of undivided and successful partnership with ORBIS international. This partnership reminds us of the main aim of Alcon to eradicate preventable blindness from the country.



Recent job openings
Alcon labs welcomes new and vibrant individuals to join its firm and do justice with their mission. The professional environment prevalent at Alcon labs makes it possible for them to carry on the good and innovative work year after year. Interested individuals can post their resumes on the website and wait for a call from the recruiters. Selected candidates are sure to have a great future at Alcon Labs. Of late there are quite a few job openings available with Alcon Labs. Interested candidates can get details from the official website.

Bayer healthcare pharmaceutical is a division of Bayer AG. This company develops and manufactures pharmaceutical products for improving the quality of life by healthy management of chronic disease conditions.
In the United States, Bayer healthcare takes care of the following areas concerning human health: diagnostic imaging, women’s healthcare, hematology, neurology, oncology and general medicine.

Bayer healthcare functions with the motto of early diagnosis, management and treatment of chronic disease conditions which in a way will guarantee better quality of life. Early diagnosis is the key to enhanced and effective treatment of disease conditions. Bayer healthcare does in no way promise absolute cure of a disease, but it promises, effective management by easy diagnosis of certain diseases.
Bayer healthcare also has hands on expertise in animal health, consumer care and diabetes management. It has its headquarters in Leverkusen, Germany with the pharmaceutical and animal health division based in that country. The medical care and consumer care department is in Tarry town - New York, and Morristown, USA respectively. It has a strength of 50, 000 employees worldwide.

The medical health department mainly comprises of developing glucose meters for better and effective management of diabetes. Not just this, Bayer healthcare also has its expertise in manufacturing contrast – enhanced diagnostic imaging equipment necessary for treatment of constricted blood vessels.

Popular biotech products
Bayer healthcare has many biotech products. The following is a list of popular products:
• Bataferon
• Kognate
• Yasmin
• Nexavar
• Contour
• Mirena
• Adalat
• Advantage product line
• Aspirin
• Avalox
• Aspirin cardio
• Glucobay
• Ultravist
• Aleve
• Xarelto
• Levitra
• Bepanthen
• Lopamiron
• Cipro
• Magnevist

Latest discoveries
Bayer healthcare is always committed to deliver the best services to mankind. It has made a significant contribution in the management of diabetes. Of its latest discoveries, Bayer’s new contour next EZ blood glucose monitoring system has received approval from FDA in the year 2012. This blood glucose monitoring system is easy to use and gives the most accurate results. The machine can be operated by individuals without any formal training and is portable, which means it can be taken anywhere. The test can be done with a single finger prick and provides the accurate blood glucose levels.

Recent company takeovers
Each and every year has been eventful for Bayer healthcare. The company has partnered with several organizations and firms to extend its area of research and has strived to bring out with best medical and health care products for the public at large. The following is a list which details the recent accomplishments and collaborations of Bayer healthcare.

• In the year 2011, it joined hands with Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for extending its area of research for developing new treatment modes for treating myocardial insufficiency.

• The year 2012 witnessed the collaboration of Bayer healthcare and Amgen research GmbH. The purpose of this collaboration was to study the efficacy of a new bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody against multiple tremors.

• In the same year – 2012, Bayer healthcare opened a new center in the United States, for young bioscience firms. This would enable various upcoming firms to develop new areas of research for treating various diseases and would open new avenues for future collaborations.

• In the year 2012, Bayer healthcare joined hands with Evotec AG which would allow the companies to carry out a 5 – year research plan to target molecules for treating endometriosis.

• In October 2012, Bayer healthcare and Qiagen Manchester Ltd entered into a collaboration for developing companion diagnostics that would focus on molecular in-vitro tests.

Recent corporate news
The operating profit for the year 2012 was 2,154 Euro million. The sales (2012) for the health care division rose to 18,612 Euro million.
The pharmaceutical division saw a rise in its sales from 9,949 Euro million in 2011 to 10, 803 Euro million in 2012. Bayer healthcare business is doing exceptionally well in North America.

The sales for the medical division also raised from 2,500 Euro million in 2011 to 2,653 Euro million in 2012. The increase in sales also occurred for the animal healthcare and consumer care. The change in sales was recorded to be +9.9% and +9.0% respectively.

Work culture
The working environment and culture at Bayer healthcare is very professional and at the same time vibrant. The company considers its employees as their asset and provides the appropriate training to them which enables them to keep growing and become good in their respective fields. Needless to mention, Bayer healthcare has experienced professionals who work with passion and dedication to deliver their best to the world. In other words, Bayer healthcare is a powerhouse of experienced and vibrant professionals.

Interesting events
FDA provided approval to Bayer’s riociguat for 2 forms of pulmonary hypertension in the year 2013. In the same year, VEGF trap-eye met the primary end point in 2 phase 3 trials for treatment of diabetic macular edema. Bayer healthcare joins hands with Compugen for conducting new cancer immunotherapy.

Recent job openings
See what Bayer Healthcare employees have to say about the company ...


Job openings are available at US and even at other centers across the globe. Bayer healthcare is always on the lookout for vibrant individuals who are dedicated and hardworking. Interested individuals can study the company’s website for details and apply for jobs based on their skills. The website will give you a better idea about the company’s profile, its expertise and the kind of work it does. This will enable the individuals to decide whether Bayer is the right choice for them or not. If interested, they can create a profile and look out for job openings. They can even search the job database for available positions and fill up the application.
Interested candidates can drop in their resume and wait for a call from the recruiters. If the individuals meet the company’s criteria then they will be called for interview and screened as per the norms.

Bayer communities are available at Facebook, Twitter and Linkedln. This enables individuals to stay connected with Bayer healthcare and keep getting regular updates about the company’s achievements and new innovations.