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by SagarikaGhosh at 08-15-2013, 05:59 PM
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Transplantation refers to the act of transferring cells, tissues, or organs from one site to another.
Types :
1. Autograft is self-tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual.(Transferring skin, blood vessels)
2. Isograft is tissue transferred between genetically identical individuals.(Between two genetically identical (monozygotic) twins).
3. Allograft is tissue transferred between genetically different members of the same species.(Organs transferred from one individual to another unless)
4. Xenograft is tissue transferred between different species.(Graft of a baboon heart into a human)
Autografts and isografts are usually accepted, owing to the genetic identity between graft and host. Allograft rejection can occur in 2 sets due to Specificity & Memory.
- First set reject : (Tissue transferred from inbred mouse Strain A to Strain B)When graft is transplanted for the first time. Complete Rejection can occur by 12-14 days.
- Second set rejection : Graft rejection reaction develops more quickly, with complete rejection occurring within 5-6 days. Equivalent to grafting between Strain C and Strain B.
T-cells play an important role in Allograft rejection. Nude mice(which lack Thymus, thus lack functional T cells) were found incapable of allograft rejection. Removal of CD8⁺ population did not have effect in increasing rejection time(15 days control mouse), removal of CD4⁺ prolonged survival to 30 days, while removal of both increased survival of allografts upto 60 days.
Tissue with antigenic similarity Histocompatible; tissues displaying significant antigenic differences are histo-incompatible and induce and immune response leading to tissue rejection. Out of 40 loci responsible for allograft rejection is most vigorous. MHC Organization in mice – H-2 complex, HLA complex in humans. MHC loci are inherited as a complete set called a Haplotype from each parent. Therefore the F1 generation can accept allografts from the parents but the vice versa is not possible because the parents have only 1 halotype each, unlike the offsprings that have both.
Graft compatibility can be judged by screening ABO blood group compatibility, followed by HLA typing.
Cell mediated graft rejection occurs in 2 stages : 1. Sensitization , 2.Effector Stage.
1. Sensitization Phase:
During the sensitization phase, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognize alloantigens expressed on cells of the foreign graft and proliferate in response. Both major and minor histocompatibility alloantigens can be recognized. In general, the response to minor histocompatibility antigens is weak, although the combined response to several minor differences can sometimes be quite vigorous.The response to major histocompatibility antigens involves recognition of both the donor MHC molecule and an associated peptide ligand in the cleft of the MHC molecule.
- A host TH cell becomes activated when it interacts with an antigen-presenting cell (APC) that both expresses an appropriate antigenic ligand–MHC molecule complex and provides the requisite co-stimulatory signal. Depending upon the tissue, different populations of cells within a graft may function as APC (Majorly dendritic cells as they are found in most tissues and they express high levels of Class II MHC molecules).
- APCs of recipient can also migrate into a graft and endocytose the foreign alloantigens and present them as processed peptides together with self-MHC molecules.
- In some grafts, a population of Donor APCs called passenger leukocytes migrate from graft to regional lymph nodes. They are dendritic cells with high levels of Class II MHC molecules along with normal levels of Class I MHC molecules. They are recognized as foreign and can stimulate an immune activation of T lymphocytes in the lymph node.
2. Effector Phase:
- It involves delayed hypersensitivity and CTL mediated cytotoxicity.
- There is an influx of T cells and macrophages into the graft, histologically resembling the Delayed type hypersensitive response, in which cytokines produced by TDTH cells promote macrophage infiltration. Recognition of foreign Class I alloantigens on the graft by host CD8⁺ cells can lead to CTL- mediated killing. In some cases CD4⁺ T cells mediate graft rejection.
- In each effector mechanism, cytokines secreted by TH cells play a central role.
- IL-2, IFN-_, and TNF-_ have each been shown to be important mediators of graft rejection.
Hyper-acute Rejection :
- Cases in which the grafted tissue never becomes vascularized.
- Caused by pre-existing host serum antibodies specific for antigens of the graft.
- Occurs if there is ABO blood type mismatch.
- The antigen-antibody complexes formed activate the complement system, resulting in intense infiltration of neutrophils into the grafted tissue, causing an inflammatory response, leading to clotting of blood in the bloodvessels, preventing vascularization of the graft.
- found in individuals with multiple blood transfusions/ multiple pregnancies.
Acute rejection :
- Cell mediated rejection manifests as an acute rejection of the graft beginning about 10 days after transplantation.
- Occurs due to massive infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes at the site of destruction, suggesting T(H) cell activation and proliferation.
Chronic Rejection :
- Develops after months or years after acute rejection reactions have subsided.
- Include both humoral and cell-mediated responses by the recipient.
- Immunosuppressive drugs can be used to prolong the duration of survival, although difficult conditions may need another transplantation.
Immuno Suppressive Drugs :
MITOTIC INHIBITORS
1. Azathioprine
- A potent mitotic inhibitor, given just before & after transplantation to diminish Tcell proliferation in response to the alloantigens of the graft.
- Acts on cells in the S phase, blocks synthesis of inosinic acid, which is a precursor for purine synthesis.
2. Cyclophosphamide
- Is an alkylating agent, that inserts into the DNA helix and becomes cross linked, leading to disruption of the DNA chain.
- Especially effective against rapidly dividing cells and therefore given at times of grafting to block T cell proliferation.
3. Methotrexate
- Acts as folic acid antagonist and blocks purine biosynthesis.
CORTICOSTEROIDS
- Corticosteroids, such as prednisone and dexamethasone, are potent anti-inflammatory agents that exert effects at many levels of the immune response.
- These drugs are often given to transplant recipients together with a mitotic inhibitor such as Azathioprine to prevent acute graft rejection.
FUNGAL METABOLITIES
- Cyclosporin A (CsA) & FK506 although chemically unrelated, have similar functions and both block activation of resting T cells.
- Rampamycin prevents expression of IL2, IL2R.
SPECIFIC THERAPY
- Monoclonal antibodies directed against various surface molecules on cells of the immune system have been used successfully to suppress T-cell activity in general or suppress the activity of sub-populations of T cells.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be used to deplete the recipient of a certain broad or specific cell population, therefore blocking co-stimulatory signals. In a later stage a state of anergy is induced in those T cells that react to antigens present on the allograft.
- A strategy involves use of monoclonal antibodies to the CD3 molecule of the TCR complex. Injection with such antibodies results in depletion of mature T cells from the circulation, which is caused by binding of antibody-coates T cells to Fc receptors on phagocytic cells, which then phagocytose and clear T cells. A similar strategy involes monoclonal antibodies against high affinity IL-2 receptor.
- Another target of monoclonal antibodies are cell-surface adhesion molecules.
CO-STIMULATORY MOLECULES:
- CD28 or CTLA-4 molecule present on T cells & B7 molecule present on APCs provide co-stimulatory signals for T cell activation.
- CD28 is expressed on both activated and inactivated T cells.
- CD28 binds with B7 with moderately affinity but binds with CTLA-4 with 20 fold higher affinity.
- B7 and CTLA-4 both have Antibodies and thus can bind to CD28.
- When CTLA-4 + CD28 = No T cell activation.
- But when B7 + CD28 = T cell activation.
ACCEPTANCE OF ALLOGRAFT
1. When cells or tissue are grafted from privileged site (include anterior chamber of the eye, the cornea, the uterus, the testes and the brain) that has been sequestered from immune-system surveillance.
2. When a state of tolerance has been induced biologically. It occurs by a previous exposure to the antigens of the donor in such a manner that it led to development of immune tolerance rather than sensitization in the recipient.
Types :
1. Autograft is self-tissue transferred from one body site to another in the same individual.(Transferring skin, blood vessels)
2. Isograft is tissue transferred between genetically identical individuals.(Between two genetically identical (monozygotic) twins).
3. Allograft is tissue transferred between genetically different members of the same species.(Organs transferred from one individual to another unless)
4. Xenograft is tissue transferred between different species.(Graft of a baboon heart into a human)
Autografts and isografts are usually accepted, owing to the genetic identity between graft and host. Allograft rejection can occur in 2 sets due to Specificity & Memory.
- First set reject : (Tissue transferred from inbred mouse Strain A to Strain B)When graft is transplanted for the first time. Complete Rejection can occur by 12-14 days.
- Second set rejection : Graft rejection reaction develops more quickly, with complete rejection occurring within 5-6 days. Equivalent to grafting between Strain C and Strain B.
T-cells play an important role in Allograft rejection. Nude mice(which lack Thymus, thus lack functional T cells) were found incapable of allograft rejection. Removal of CD8⁺ population did not have effect in increasing rejection time(15 days control mouse), removal of CD4⁺ prolonged survival to 30 days, while removal of both increased survival of allografts upto 60 days.
Tissue with antigenic similarity Histocompatible; tissues displaying significant antigenic differences are histo-incompatible and induce and immune response leading to tissue rejection. Out of 40 loci responsible for allograft rejection is most vigorous. MHC Organization in mice – H-2 complex, HLA complex in humans. MHC loci are inherited as a complete set called a Haplotype from each parent. Therefore the F1 generation can accept allografts from the parents but the vice versa is not possible because the parents have only 1 halotype each, unlike the offsprings that have both.
Graft compatibility can be judged by screening ABO blood group compatibility, followed by HLA typing.
Cell mediated graft rejection occurs in 2 stages : 1. Sensitization , 2.Effector Stage.
1. Sensitization Phase:
During the sensitization phase, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognize alloantigens expressed on cells of the foreign graft and proliferate in response. Both major and minor histocompatibility alloantigens can be recognized. In general, the response to minor histocompatibility antigens is weak, although the combined response to several minor differences can sometimes be quite vigorous.The response to major histocompatibility antigens involves recognition of both the donor MHC molecule and an associated peptide ligand in the cleft of the MHC molecule.
- A host TH cell becomes activated when it interacts with an antigen-presenting cell (APC) that both expresses an appropriate antigenic ligand–MHC molecule complex and provides the requisite co-stimulatory signal. Depending upon the tissue, different populations of cells within a graft may function as APC (Majorly dendritic cells as they are found in most tissues and they express high levels of Class II MHC molecules).
- APCs of recipient can also migrate into a graft and endocytose the foreign alloantigens and present them as processed peptides together with self-MHC molecules.
- In some grafts, a population of Donor APCs called passenger leukocytes migrate from graft to regional lymph nodes. They are dendritic cells with high levels of Class II MHC molecules along with normal levels of Class I MHC molecules. They are recognized as foreign and can stimulate an immune activation of T lymphocytes in the lymph node.
2. Effector Phase:
- It involves delayed hypersensitivity and CTL mediated cytotoxicity.
- There is an influx of T cells and macrophages into the graft, histologically resembling the Delayed type hypersensitive response, in which cytokines produced by TDTH cells promote macrophage infiltration. Recognition of foreign Class I alloantigens on the graft by host CD8⁺ cells can lead to CTL- mediated killing. In some cases CD4⁺ T cells mediate graft rejection.
- In each effector mechanism, cytokines secreted by TH cells play a central role.
- IL-2, IFN-_, and TNF-_ have each been shown to be important mediators of graft rejection.
Hyper-acute Rejection :
- Cases in which the grafted tissue never becomes vascularized.
- Caused by pre-existing host serum antibodies specific for antigens of the graft.
- Occurs if there is ABO blood type mismatch.
- The antigen-antibody complexes formed activate the complement system, resulting in intense infiltration of neutrophils into the grafted tissue, causing an inflammatory response, leading to clotting of blood in the bloodvessels, preventing vascularization of the graft.
- found in individuals with multiple blood transfusions/ multiple pregnancies.
Acute rejection :
- Cell mediated rejection manifests as an acute rejection of the graft beginning about 10 days after transplantation.
- Occurs due to massive infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes at the site of destruction, suggesting T(H) cell activation and proliferation.
Chronic Rejection :
- Develops after months or years after acute rejection reactions have subsided.
- Include both humoral and cell-mediated responses by the recipient.
- Immunosuppressive drugs can be used to prolong the duration of survival, although difficult conditions may need another transplantation.
Immuno Suppressive Drugs :
MITOTIC INHIBITORS
1. Azathioprine
- A potent mitotic inhibitor, given just before & after transplantation to diminish Tcell proliferation in response to the alloantigens of the graft.
- Acts on cells in the S phase, blocks synthesis of inosinic acid, which is a precursor for purine synthesis.
2. Cyclophosphamide
- Is an alkylating agent, that inserts into the DNA helix and becomes cross linked, leading to disruption of the DNA chain.
- Especially effective against rapidly dividing cells and therefore given at times of grafting to block T cell proliferation.
3. Methotrexate
- Acts as folic acid antagonist and blocks purine biosynthesis.
CORTICOSTEROIDS
- Corticosteroids, such as prednisone and dexamethasone, are potent anti-inflammatory agents that exert effects at many levels of the immune response.
- These drugs are often given to transplant recipients together with a mitotic inhibitor such as Azathioprine to prevent acute graft rejection.
FUNGAL METABOLITIES
- Cyclosporin A (CsA) & FK506 although chemically unrelated, have similar functions and both block activation of resting T cells.
- Rampamycin prevents expression of IL2, IL2R.
SPECIFIC THERAPY
- Monoclonal antibodies directed against various surface molecules on cells of the immune system have been used successfully to suppress T-cell activity in general or suppress the activity of sub-populations of T cells.
- Monoclonal antibodies can be used to deplete the recipient of a certain broad or specific cell population, therefore blocking co-stimulatory signals. In a later stage a state of anergy is induced in those T cells that react to antigens present on the allograft.
- A strategy involves use of monoclonal antibodies to the CD3 molecule of the TCR complex. Injection with such antibodies results in depletion of mature T cells from the circulation, which is caused by binding of antibody-coates T cells to Fc receptors on phagocytic cells, which then phagocytose and clear T cells. A similar strategy involes monoclonal antibodies against high affinity IL-2 receptor.
- Another target of monoclonal antibodies are cell-surface adhesion molecules.
CO-STIMULATORY MOLECULES:
- CD28 or CTLA-4 molecule present on T cells & B7 molecule present on APCs provide co-stimulatory signals for T cell activation.
- CD28 is expressed on both activated and inactivated T cells.
- CD28 binds with B7 with moderately affinity but binds with CTLA-4 with 20 fold higher affinity.
- B7 and CTLA-4 both have Antibodies and thus can bind to CD28.
- When CTLA-4 + CD28 = No T cell activation.
- But when B7 + CD28 = T cell activation.
ACCEPTANCE OF ALLOGRAFT
1. When cells or tissue are grafted from privileged site (include anterior chamber of the eye, the cornea, the uterus, the testes and the brain) that has been sequestered from immune-system surveillance.
2. When a state of tolerance has been induced biologically. It occurs by a previous exposure to the antigens of the donor in such a manner that it led to development of immune tolerance rather than sensitization in the recipient.
by sale0303 at 08-15-2013, 08:46 AM
0 comments
The field of Biotechnology is a research oriented field involving the participation of professionals from various fields of science like Biology, Chemistry, Engineering, and Pharmaceutics. The field is vivid, scope is enormous. Starting from the invention of new enzymes and hormones to the treatment of cancer, Biotechnologists are working on most issues under the Sun. The main aim of the field is to produce a better environment and a better life for everyone by elimination of the debilitating and once incurable diseases. The three main objectives of the field can be narrowed down to healing of the world, feeding of the world and fuelling the lives which exist on the earth.
Watch this very interesting video:
Formation of Merck KGaA
In the year 1668, in the city of Darmstadt, a German man named Friedrich Jacob Merck became the owner of a pharmacy. The then small ‘Angel Pharmacy’ was later taken over by his successors and eventually came in the hands of Emanuel Merck in 1816. This young Merck had a scientific education which he then made use of to produce certain medications of his own. He then uses his family business to market these new chemicals in bulk. This small scale business venture of Emanuel marked the beginning of the Merck Group of companies which would later on flourish manifolds and become one of the top rated companies in the world.
The original Merck today has spread out and have original as well as merged branches all over the world, every single continent included, and employing more than 90,000 people. The companies’ manuals are presently published in seventeen different languages as well. The company began its venture in the field of Biotechnology in the year 2006, when they announced a takeover bid of $13.2 billion for the Swiss company, Serono. Yes, this is the Italian company Serono who were pioneers in the field of recombinant DNA technology in the 1900’s.This new venture, the Merck Serono, began its new ventures in the year 2007 and has been on a constant uphill since then.
The Merck Serono United Front
When the largest biotechnological company Serono, Switzerland was bought out by one of the largest business tycoons in the field of Medicine, the general prediction was towards a positive turn. Apparently, the merger was the best thing that could have happened for the two companies, since they proceeded forward to form a Biotech giant in the existing field. The merger cost Merck a sum total of 7 billion dollars but they were predicted to squeeze up more than five times the amount spent, within a decade.
Visions and Aims of The Merged Merck Serono
The merged new company began their work with a desire to develop cures in the fields of cancer, cardiac diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, hormonal treatments and pulmonary diseases. This objective of theirs was coupled with enormous funding, grants, scholarships and fellowships offered to brilliant academics in the field of Biotechnology all over the world. The aim of this was actually an investment for securing the rights of the drugs and medicines which will actually help cure the problems which at present are posing a serious threat to mankind.
This same motif and aim toward a common good and better future has driven the company to collaborate with other such companies who have been in the field of Biotechnology for a longer time and reach faster towards the desired results. The aim was much more for the benefit of the general masses than for the company itself. For example, earlier in this very year of 2013, Cancer Research Technology, Merck Serono and the Institute of Cancer Research have extended the time limit for their collaborative work so as to accelerate the due findings and hence save as many lives as possible and as soon as possible.
Recent Collaborations and Projects
Merck takes the offers for grants and scholarships to another level entirely. Recent news is that the company has offered a sum of 4 million euro as grant money for those working in the fields of Fertility Innovation. On May 15th of this year, the company announced an emerging partnership of Merck Serono and Quintiles, the world’s largest provider of biopharmaceutical development and commercial drugs. This new partnership is supposed to provide the world with better prescription drugs and clinical facilities. Of course it remains to be seen whether these two steps will eventually be helpful for the betterment of human population but the fact that the company has been since long trying on new projects and spending millions on them proves their humanitarian attitude.
The Merck Serono group, which has branches over 67 countries in the world thanks to the prior establishment of the Mercks work on all classes of Biotechnology. However, the Red and the Green Biotech get the maximum amount of importance in their works since the original company is concerned with the field of medicine. The extra 100 million euro that the company has decided to fund on the MS ventures is expected to reap profits in multiples.
The company of Bristol-Meyers Squibb had the rights reserved to monoclonal antibody treatment. To manipulate the process and work in this futuristic field, Merck Serono formed a partnership with the aforementioned company and was successful in the research, development, commercialization and the marketing of the novel protein and antibody therapeutics. This is the type of unparalleled success rate the company possesses. The success is entirely based on the diligent and hardworking brilliant minds who work for the company.
The company of Merck Serono has earned trust of the people after existing for hundreds of years. This is one company people know, that is completely for, of and by the people. If they operate, it is for the benefit of all. The company is almost scam free which is rare and surprising as well since they work on such a wide scale. Whatever the drawbacks may be, the company has always worked for the greater good and promises to continue to do so in the coming years during which they hope to keep working.
Watch this very interesting video:
Formation of Merck KGaA
In the year 1668, in the city of Darmstadt, a German man named Friedrich Jacob Merck became the owner of a pharmacy. The then small ‘Angel Pharmacy’ was later taken over by his successors and eventually came in the hands of Emanuel Merck in 1816. This young Merck had a scientific education which he then made use of to produce certain medications of his own. He then uses his family business to market these new chemicals in bulk. This small scale business venture of Emanuel marked the beginning of the Merck Group of companies which would later on flourish manifolds and become one of the top rated companies in the world.
The original Merck today has spread out and have original as well as merged branches all over the world, every single continent included, and employing more than 90,000 people. The companies’ manuals are presently published in seventeen different languages as well. The company began its venture in the field of Biotechnology in the year 2006, when they announced a takeover bid of $13.2 billion for the Swiss company, Serono. Yes, this is the Italian company Serono who were pioneers in the field of recombinant DNA technology in the 1900’s.This new venture, the Merck Serono, began its new ventures in the year 2007 and has been on a constant uphill since then.
The Merck Serono United Front
When the largest biotechnological company Serono, Switzerland was bought out by one of the largest business tycoons in the field of Medicine, the general prediction was towards a positive turn. Apparently, the merger was the best thing that could have happened for the two companies, since they proceeded forward to form a Biotech giant in the existing field. The merger cost Merck a sum total of 7 billion dollars but they were predicted to squeeze up more than five times the amount spent, within a decade.
Visions and Aims of The Merged Merck Serono
The merged new company began their work with a desire to develop cures in the fields of cancer, cardiac diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, hormonal treatments and pulmonary diseases. This objective of theirs was coupled with enormous funding, grants, scholarships and fellowships offered to brilliant academics in the field of Biotechnology all over the world. The aim of this was actually an investment for securing the rights of the drugs and medicines which will actually help cure the problems which at present are posing a serious threat to mankind.
This same motif and aim toward a common good and better future has driven the company to collaborate with other such companies who have been in the field of Biotechnology for a longer time and reach faster towards the desired results. The aim was much more for the benefit of the general masses than for the company itself. For example, earlier in this very year of 2013, Cancer Research Technology, Merck Serono and the Institute of Cancer Research have extended the time limit for their collaborative work so as to accelerate the due findings and hence save as many lives as possible and as soon as possible.
Recent Collaborations and Projects
Merck takes the offers for grants and scholarships to another level entirely. Recent news is that the company has offered a sum of 4 million euro as grant money for those working in the fields of Fertility Innovation. On May 15th of this year, the company announced an emerging partnership of Merck Serono and Quintiles, the world’s largest provider of biopharmaceutical development and commercial drugs. This new partnership is supposed to provide the world with better prescription drugs and clinical facilities. Of course it remains to be seen whether these two steps will eventually be helpful for the betterment of human population but the fact that the company has been since long trying on new projects and spending millions on them proves their humanitarian attitude.
The Merck Serono group, which has branches over 67 countries in the world thanks to the prior establishment of the Mercks work on all classes of Biotechnology. However, the Red and the Green Biotech get the maximum amount of importance in their works since the original company is concerned with the field of medicine. The extra 100 million euro that the company has decided to fund on the MS ventures is expected to reap profits in multiples.
The company of Bristol-Meyers Squibb had the rights reserved to monoclonal antibody treatment. To manipulate the process and work in this futuristic field, Merck Serono formed a partnership with the aforementioned company and was successful in the research, development, commercialization and the marketing of the novel protein and antibody therapeutics. This is the type of unparalleled success rate the company possesses. The success is entirely based on the diligent and hardworking brilliant minds who work for the company.
The company of Merck Serono has earned trust of the people after existing for hundreds of years. This is one company people know, that is completely for, of and by the people. If they operate, it is for the benefit of all. The company is almost scam free which is rare and surprising as well since they work on such a wide scale. Whatever the drawbacks may be, the company has always worked for the greater good and promises to continue to do so in the coming years during which they hope to keep working.
by sale0303 at 08-14-2013, 05:55 AM
0 comments
J. P. University of Information Technology and JUIT ( Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India):
Whilst most industries are now downsizing in the ongoing economy, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are strong than ever and growing. And talking about India, it continues to be the epicenter of such industries for years now. One such exceptional career choice for students is the biotechnology programs offered by Jaypee University of Information Technology.
Learning in India’s No.1 Institution
Biotechnology is the science of this very century- a vivacious journey into the constantly evolving and undiscovered territory. The biotech programs have been specifically designed to help candidates acquire knowledge and experience as broad as the problems itself and to shape them according to industry needs and recruiters. The biotech program under this university has been ranked twice at NO.1 position in the last three years by Biospectrum. It has been honored as the best private biotech educational institute of the country for carrying out outstanding researches owning to its up-to-date educational curricula, highly qualified faculties, strong research and development programs and modern laboratory infrastructures.
The department offers a 4 year B.Tech program in biotechnology and bioinformatics, 5 year dual degree M.Tech program in Biotechnolgy, 2 year M.tech program in Biotechnology and Computational Biology, and Ph.D. in Biotechnology/Bioinformatics. The biotech graduates are groomed in a highly intensive environment that Jaypee University has successfully established through multifaceted initiatives like recruiting faculties of international exposure, setting collaborations with topnotch institutions of the world and admitting quality students. The University has till now implemented R&D projects that worth near about Rs 15 crores, including some of the most prestigious ones. Large numbers of scholars associated with this institution have been able to create a diverse research environment in the 3 main streams of bioinformatics, pharmaceutical sciences and biotechnology, unlike any other Indian institution.
The department delivers quality education in order to equip students with latest skills compatible with the industry and academia needs. The curricula are designed with a sturdy engineering base to enable students to work out in every type of industry. They are also provided with opportunities to carry out extensive independent projects.
Competent Faculties
The faculty department is exceptionally trained from world class institutions in modernized areas of genomics, bioprocess engineering, medicinal chemistry, proteomics, environmental biotechnology, computational drug discovery, nano biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, systems biology, computational biology, metabolic engineering, microbial pathogens, cancer biology, biomaterial engineering etc. Strengths of faculties in such wider areas ensure better job opportunities for students as well as prospective chances of landing into better institutions for higher education. The research outcomes of some of the renowned faculties have been recognized through different publications in 14 patents, high impact journals, best paper awards in international and national conferences and individual awards like those of Ramanujan Fellowship, DST BOYCAST fellowships and young scientist award of Indian Science Congress Association.
Admission Process
The students can acquire the application form either by downloading it from the official website or obtaining from the campuses. Separate forms have to filled for the Noida and Waknaghat campuses respectively. Cost of the application is kept at Rs. 1000. The forms come with a single brochure. Those who wish to pursue undergraduate and graduate programs are required to fill in the forms are submit them to respective registrars. The total number of seats for biotechnology program in Noida is kept at 60 while it is 30 at Waknaghat. For the 5 yr dual degree program, Noida and Waknaghat campuses have their intake capacity at 30. Students willing to take up the bioinformatics program at JUIT, Waknaghat can enroll 30 at a time.
The tuition fees for the year 2013 are at Rs 40,000 per semester, hostel fee is Rs. 32,500 per semester including food and laundry, development fee has been kept at Rs. 50,000 per annum and there is a one time caution money of Rs. 10,000. Hostel facilities are provided to those candidates that belong from any other place than the NCR region subjected to merit and availability.
The Research
The Biotech department is actively involved in various researches. It has the distinction of being externally funded for its R&D projects by various Government agencies such as Department of Biotechnology, DRDO, ICMR, Ministry of Forest and Environment and Department of Science and Technology. The department also boasts of its strong doctoral research team of 40 Ph.D. scholars registered with faculty members. In the field of medicinal herbs, this department is recognized as a research Center of Excellence under the FIST program.
The major research areas that the department is focusing now are:
- Food Technology- Nutraceuticals, Functional Food Development, Process Technologies
- Plant Biotechnology - Pathway Elucidation, Gene Discovery, Plant Cell Cultures, Genetic Engineering
- Industrial Biotechnology - Industrial Enzymes, Biofuels, Bioremediation
- Clinical Informatics –Imaging, Translational & high-end computing
- Bioinformatics –Sequence analysis, Genome annotation, Rationale designing of molecules & screening, Chemoinformatics, Molecular Modeling, Prediction servers and Database development
- Diseases – Infectious (Diarrhea, MTB, Malaria, HIV, etc.), Cancers, Kidney stones, Stem cells
- Natural Products – Synthetic Chemistry, Lead molecules in the form Drugs
Outstanding Placements
Placement of graduates has been recorded at more than 95% for the past 7 years, wherein most of the students are offered jobs from different repute industries like Celera Genomics, Wipro, Panacea Biotech, Ranbaxy, HCL Life Sciences etc. The B.Tech graduates often pursue MS/Ph.D degrees in most of the top class universities across Europe and USA with meritorious scholarships. The most notable recent placement was that of a B.Tech Bioinformatics graduate with an annual package as high as US$ 60,000 in DivX, USA.
State of Art Infrastructure
Students are provided with hands on exposure in around 30 labs that have been equipped with modernized equipments like LC-MS, 2-D Electrophoresis, atomic absorption spectrometer, bioreactors, pulsed field electrophoresis, preparative HPLC, fluorescent microscopes, LP systems, Q-TOF, plant and animal cell culture facilities, gene pulsar, high end servers, genome sequencer, GC-MS, bioreactors, computational software and workstations.
Industry and Academia Collaborations
The university is continuously looking out for opportunities in order to set up collaborations with academic institutions and industries of repute to provide the graduates with a prospective chance of undertaking joint projects in final year. Majority of noteworthy initiatives have been Jubilant Life Sciences, Cadbury, Novozymes, Panacea, etc. Among the current academic collaborators are South Dakota
School, University of California, Melbourne, Victoria University, Australia, Norwich, UK, USA, Emeryville, University of Florida, Berkeley etc.
Whilst most industries are now downsizing in the ongoing economy, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are strong than ever and growing. And talking about India, it continues to be the epicenter of such industries for years now. One such exceptional career choice for students is the biotechnology programs offered by Jaypee University of Information Technology.
Learning in India’s No.1 Institution
Biotechnology is the science of this very century- a vivacious journey into the constantly evolving and undiscovered territory. The biotech programs have been specifically designed to help candidates acquire knowledge and experience as broad as the problems itself and to shape them according to industry needs and recruiters. The biotech program under this university has been ranked twice at NO.1 position in the last three years by Biospectrum. It has been honored as the best private biotech educational institute of the country for carrying out outstanding researches owning to its up-to-date educational curricula, highly qualified faculties, strong research and development programs and modern laboratory infrastructures.
The department offers a 4 year B.Tech program in biotechnology and bioinformatics, 5 year dual degree M.Tech program in Biotechnolgy, 2 year M.tech program in Biotechnology and Computational Biology, and Ph.D. in Biotechnology/Bioinformatics. The biotech graduates are groomed in a highly intensive environment that Jaypee University has successfully established through multifaceted initiatives like recruiting faculties of international exposure, setting collaborations with topnotch institutions of the world and admitting quality students. The University has till now implemented R&D projects that worth near about Rs 15 crores, including some of the most prestigious ones. Large numbers of scholars associated with this institution have been able to create a diverse research environment in the 3 main streams of bioinformatics, pharmaceutical sciences and biotechnology, unlike any other Indian institution.
The department delivers quality education in order to equip students with latest skills compatible with the industry and academia needs. The curricula are designed with a sturdy engineering base to enable students to work out in every type of industry. They are also provided with opportunities to carry out extensive independent projects.
Competent Faculties
The faculty department is exceptionally trained from world class institutions in modernized areas of genomics, bioprocess engineering, medicinal chemistry, proteomics, environmental biotechnology, computational drug discovery, nano biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, systems biology, computational biology, metabolic engineering, microbial pathogens, cancer biology, biomaterial engineering etc. Strengths of faculties in such wider areas ensure better job opportunities for students as well as prospective chances of landing into better institutions for higher education. The research outcomes of some of the renowned faculties have been recognized through different publications in 14 patents, high impact journals, best paper awards in international and national conferences and individual awards like those of Ramanujan Fellowship, DST BOYCAST fellowships and young scientist award of Indian Science Congress Association.
Admission Process
The students can acquire the application form either by downloading it from the official website or obtaining from the campuses. Separate forms have to filled for the Noida and Waknaghat campuses respectively. Cost of the application is kept at Rs. 1000. The forms come with a single brochure. Those who wish to pursue undergraduate and graduate programs are required to fill in the forms are submit them to respective registrars. The total number of seats for biotechnology program in Noida is kept at 60 while it is 30 at Waknaghat. For the 5 yr dual degree program, Noida and Waknaghat campuses have their intake capacity at 30. Students willing to take up the bioinformatics program at JUIT, Waknaghat can enroll 30 at a time.
The tuition fees for the year 2013 are at Rs 40,000 per semester, hostel fee is Rs. 32,500 per semester including food and laundry, development fee has been kept at Rs. 50,000 per annum and there is a one time caution money of Rs. 10,000. Hostel facilities are provided to those candidates that belong from any other place than the NCR region subjected to merit and availability.
The Research
The Biotech department is actively involved in various researches. It has the distinction of being externally funded for its R&D projects by various Government agencies such as Department of Biotechnology, DRDO, ICMR, Ministry of Forest and Environment and Department of Science and Technology. The department also boasts of its strong doctoral research team of 40 Ph.D. scholars registered with faculty members. In the field of medicinal herbs, this department is recognized as a research Center of Excellence under the FIST program.
The major research areas that the department is focusing now are:
- Food Technology- Nutraceuticals, Functional Food Development, Process Technologies
- Plant Biotechnology - Pathway Elucidation, Gene Discovery, Plant Cell Cultures, Genetic Engineering
- Industrial Biotechnology - Industrial Enzymes, Biofuels, Bioremediation
- Clinical Informatics –Imaging, Translational & high-end computing
- Bioinformatics –Sequence analysis, Genome annotation, Rationale designing of molecules & screening, Chemoinformatics, Molecular Modeling, Prediction servers and Database development
- Diseases – Infectious (Diarrhea, MTB, Malaria, HIV, etc.), Cancers, Kidney stones, Stem cells
- Natural Products – Synthetic Chemistry, Lead molecules in the form Drugs
Outstanding Placements
Placement of graduates has been recorded at more than 95% for the past 7 years, wherein most of the students are offered jobs from different repute industries like Celera Genomics, Wipro, Panacea Biotech, Ranbaxy, HCL Life Sciences etc. The B.Tech graduates often pursue MS/Ph.D degrees in most of the top class universities across Europe and USA with meritorious scholarships. The most notable recent placement was that of a B.Tech Bioinformatics graduate with an annual package as high as US$ 60,000 in DivX, USA.
State of Art Infrastructure
Students are provided with hands on exposure in around 30 labs that have been equipped with modernized equipments like LC-MS, 2-D Electrophoresis, atomic absorption spectrometer, bioreactors, pulsed field electrophoresis, preparative HPLC, fluorescent microscopes, LP systems, Q-TOF, plant and animal cell culture facilities, gene pulsar, high end servers, genome sequencer, GC-MS, bioreactors, computational software and workstations.
Industry and Academia Collaborations
The university is continuously looking out for opportunities in order to set up collaborations with academic institutions and industries of repute to provide the graduates with a prospective chance of undertaking joint projects in final year. Majority of noteworthy initiatives have been Jubilant Life Sciences, Cadbury, Novozymes, Panacea, etc. Among the current academic collaborators are South Dakota
School, University of California, Melbourne, Victoria University, Australia, Norwich, UK, USA, Emeryville, University of Florida, Berkeley etc.
by sale0303 at 08-14-2013, 12:13 AM
0 comments
Foundation and Mission:
The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) in New Delhi was one of the initial six universities in India to commence a postgraduate course and research program in the field of biotechnological science in the year 1985. Since then, it has been operating as Special Center for Biotechnology under joint sponsorship of University Grants Commission and Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. To begin with, the center was initiated to impart a biotechnology education program with an impulse to produce a workforce that could meet the country’s substantial demands. Bearing in mind the progression of biotechnology at international level, its widespread applications in general life spheres and the noteworthy contributions of the faculties of Canter for Biotechnology, JNU’s executive council resolved to elevate its status in 2006 to that of a School of Biotechnology. Over the years, the biotech program at JNU has successfully established itself in the form of a prominent academic program from both teaching as well as research view point. The faculties of this school are recognized internationally for their worthy contributions to applied and basic biotech research concepts.
![[Image: 3005JNU.jpg]](http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130530/images/3005JNU.jpg)
The school is dedicated towards radically changing the way issues associated with human health, environment and agriculture. To address the need of scientific talent for sustaining phenomenal growth in today’s biotech industry, JNU works with a special mission of providing informed teaching to exploit the very potential of this branch of science. A balanced mishmash of faculties from both industry and academia with rich research and development exposure contribute to the academic excellence of this department.
With the on campus and online biotechnology courses, students can effectively balance their studies and career. They have four concentrations to choose from- each of which involves nine courses and one thesis.
- Life Sciences- Exquisitely designed for students those who wish to continue operating in the research arena.
- Bioinformatics- This branch emphasizes on developing vital programming and computer skills.
- Management principles- It focuses on supplementary business skills in varied areas of project management, finance and marketing.
- Bioengineering and nanotechnologies- It is concentrated on nanoscale applications and innovations and the engineering behind biological materials.
In order to ensure that you select the appropriate course, review the degree requirements first. Then you can use degree course search for finding the ones that suits your requirements. Tips are also available to aid you in the process.
Admission Details
The School of Biotechnology offers both M.Sc as well as Ph.D degress in biotechnology.
M.Sc. (Biotechnology)
Admissions for M.Sc programs are conducted on the basis of All-India entrance examination conducted on behalf of twenty nine universities of the country by JNU. Known to be one of the finest and promising master’s programs offered in the country and supported by DBT, the total intake capacity stands at 27. Apart from theory courses, this program also places tremendous emphasis on practical trainings. The students take up for a 2-semester research work project that is specifically oriented towards researches in diverse fields of biotechnology. They also participate in seminars for enhancing their broader look about the subject.
Ph.D. (Biotechnology)
The competent and vibrant Ph.D. program in basic and applied biotechnology is embarked upon creating a sturdy academic research foundation in the following leading biotechnology areas.
- Genetic engineering and molecular biology
- Immunology
- Protein stability, protein engineering, conformation and folding
- Metabolic engineering, biochemical engineering and optimization of recombinant protein production
- Molecular biology of infectious diseases
- Molecular cell biology
- Cancer cell biology: Its diagnostics and vaccines
- Gene regulation and transcription control in prokaryotic and mammalian systems
After qualifying the All India entrance exam and viva voce, students can get admission for the Ph.D. program. Those that have been qualified for Junior Research Fellowship under UGC/ DBT/ CSIR/ ICMR are directly short listed for the interview process. Students with 2 years post M.Phil Degree or M.Sc research experience are subjected to direct admissions after qualifying in the interview. As per the current intake capacity, 40 students get registered in a single year. The School of Biotechnology is lately operated by 11 faculty members. Students are presented with countless opportunities to take up active research projects and build up experiences with the current state of art instrumentation. Such experiences can prove to be invaluable for intellectual development of students.
Research Facilities
The state of art instrumentation facilities are specifically designed to offer excellent training in modernized areas of biological sciences which include
- Central Instrumental Facility- This facility is open 24/7 for the biotechnology students with all basic and advanced instruments used in modern day research.
- Spectroscopic facility- It provides for a numerous sensitive UV-Visible spectrophotometers, circular dichroism spectrometer, fluorescence spectrometers and FT-IR spectrometer.
- Microscopic facility- It includes simple microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, laser scanning confocal microscope and fluorescent microscope
- Biosafety Level 3 facility – This is an upcoming effort for strengthening SBT’s infrastructure for R&D in the field of infectious diseases. It would be used for researches involving manipulating biological infectious agents, exotic and indigenous ones that may be the cause of serious lethal diseases.
- Protein production and purification facility- This facility encompasses refrigerated incubator shakes, mammalian and bacterial bio reactors with FTIR analysis, Shimadzu HPLC protein purification system and AKTA explorer FPLC protein purification system.
- Micro calorimetric facility- It takes up for isothermal titration calorimetric and differential scanning calorimetric set up for studying of bimolecular stability, interactions and folding.
- GLP standard recombinant product development facility- This newly established facility has all the necessary downstream and up stream equipments, testing and quality control equipments required for recombinant product development. It is one of the specialized facilities at SBT that flaunts of the flexibility needed for production of recombinant and characterization and purification of non-recombinant products as well. It has also strictly adhered to stringent requirements of GLP standard.
- Other equipments- Some other analytical facilities include real time PCR, Elispot Reader, Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter, ELISA readers etc.
There is a school library supported by funds from Department of Biology, that has nearly 700 books in various areas of research and teaching in biotechnology. A number of scientific journals have also been subscribed. There is also a computer lab at the school for helping students carry out their assignments on courses of computational biology and bioinformatics. Students may also seek help from literature search and online database searches.
The Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) in New Delhi was one of the initial six universities in India to commence a postgraduate course and research program in the field of biotechnological science in the year 1985. Since then, it has been operating as Special Center for Biotechnology under joint sponsorship of University Grants Commission and Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. To begin with, the center was initiated to impart a biotechnology education program with an impulse to produce a workforce that could meet the country’s substantial demands. Bearing in mind the progression of biotechnology at international level, its widespread applications in general life spheres and the noteworthy contributions of the faculties of Canter for Biotechnology, JNU’s executive council resolved to elevate its status in 2006 to that of a School of Biotechnology. Over the years, the biotech program at JNU has successfully established itself in the form of a prominent academic program from both teaching as well as research view point. The faculties of this school are recognized internationally for their worthy contributions to applied and basic biotech research concepts.
The school is dedicated towards radically changing the way issues associated with human health, environment and agriculture. To address the need of scientific talent for sustaining phenomenal growth in today’s biotech industry, JNU works with a special mission of providing informed teaching to exploit the very potential of this branch of science. A balanced mishmash of faculties from both industry and academia with rich research and development exposure contribute to the academic excellence of this department.
With the on campus and online biotechnology courses, students can effectively balance their studies and career. They have four concentrations to choose from- each of which involves nine courses and one thesis.
- Life Sciences- Exquisitely designed for students those who wish to continue operating in the research arena.
- Bioinformatics- This branch emphasizes on developing vital programming and computer skills.
- Management principles- It focuses on supplementary business skills in varied areas of project management, finance and marketing.
- Bioengineering and nanotechnologies- It is concentrated on nanoscale applications and innovations and the engineering behind biological materials.
In order to ensure that you select the appropriate course, review the degree requirements first. Then you can use degree course search for finding the ones that suits your requirements. Tips are also available to aid you in the process.
Admission Details
The School of Biotechnology offers both M.Sc as well as Ph.D degress in biotechnology.
M.Sc. (Biotechnology)
Admissions for M.Sc programs are conducted on the basis of All-India entrance examination conducted on behalf of twenty nine universities of the country by JNU. Known to be one of the finest and promising master’s programs offered in the country and supported by DBT, the total intake capacity stands at 27. Apart from theory courses, this program also places tremendous emphasis on practical trainings. The students take up for a 2-semester research work project that is specifically oriented towards researches in diverse fields of biotechnology. They also participate in seminars for enhancing their broader look about the subject.
Ph.D. (Biotechnology)
The competent and vibrant Ph.D. program in basic and applied biotechnology is embarked upon creating a sturdy academic research foundation in the following leading biotechnology areas.
- Genetic engineering and molecular biology
- Immunology
- Protein stability, protein engineering, conformation and folding
- Metabolic engineering, biochemical engineering and optimization of recombinant protein production
- Molecular biology of infectious diseases
- Molecular cell biology
- Cancer cell biology: Its diagnostics and vaccines
- Gene regulation and transcription control in prokaryotic and mammalian systems
After qualifying the All India entrance exam and viva voce, students can get admission for the Ph.D. program. Those that have been qualified for Junior Research Fellowship under UGC/ DBT/ CSIR/ ICMR are directly short listed for the interview process. Students with 2 years post M.Phil Degree or M.Sc research experience are subjected to direct admissions after qualifying in the interview. As per the current intake capacity, 40 students get registered in a single year. The School of Biotechnology is lately operated by 11 faculty members. Students are presented with countless opportunities to take up active research projects and build up experiences with the current state of art instrumentation. Such experiences can prove to be invaluable for intellectual development of students.
Research Facilities
The state of art instrumentation facilities are specifically designed to offer excellent training in modernized areas of biological sciences which include
- Central Instrumental Facility- This facility is open 24/7 for the biotechnology students with all basic and advanced instruments used in modern day research.
- Spectroscopic facility- It provides for a numerous sensitive UV-Visible spectrophotometers, circular dichroism spectrometer, fluorescence spectrometers and FT-IR spectrometer.
- Microscopic facility- It includes simple microscopes, phase contrast microscopes, laser scanning confocal microscope and fluorescent microscope
- Biosafety Level 3 facility – This is an upcoming effort for strengthening SBT’s infrastructure for R&D in the field of infectious diseases. It would be used for researches involving manipulating biological infectious agents, exotic and indigenous ones that may be the cause of serious lethal diseases.
- Protein production and purification facility- This facility encompasses refrigerated incubator shakes, mammalian and bacterial bio reactors with FTIR analysis, Shimadzu HPLC protein purification system and AKTA explorer FPLC protein purification system.
- Micro calorimetric facility- It takes up for isothermal titration calorimetric and differential scanning calorimetric set up for studying of bimolecular stability, interactions and folding.
- GLP standard recombinant product development facility- This newly established facility has all the necessary downstream and up stream equipments, testing and quality control equipments required for recombinant product development. It is one of the specialized facilities at SBT that flaunts of the flexibility needed for production of recombinant and characterization and purification of non-recombinant products as well. It has also strictly adhered to stringent requirements of GLP standard.
- Other equipments- Some other analytical facilities include real time PCR, Elispot Reader, Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter, ELISA readers etc.
There is a school library supported by funds from Department of Biology, that has nearly 700 books in various areas of research and teaching in biotechnology. A number of scientific journals have also been subscribed. There is also a computer lab at the school for helping students carry out their assignments on courses of computational biology and bioinformatics. Students may also seek help from literature search and online database searches.
by sale0303 at 08-14-2013, 12:01 AM
0 comments
Biotechnology has opened many doors to serve mankind. This field uses biological processes, living organisms and systems to invent and manufactures which benefit the human race. It has been used for years to make new inventions and products to rid the world of many diseases and to make advances in agriculture. There are many biotechnological companies which have dedicated their resources to fighting diseases and coming up with food products which will improve the industry of agriculture.
It is the area of research which aims at a better quality of life for humans. In the area of medicine biotechnology is referred to as red biotechnology. The aim of pharmaceutical companies is to grow microorganisms on a large scale so that they can help in the production of vaccines and medicines on a large scale. This field has revolutionized the conditions of human life from its birth. From the production of insulin to control the conditions of diabetic patients to the invention of vaccines of fatal diseases the field of red biotechnology has only served and improved the conditions of the human race.
Founded in the year 1993 by Dr K. I Varaprasad Reddy, Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is a company which is dedicated towards coming up with new and improved vaccines and therapeutics. Its aim has been to produce cost effective medicinal products which can reach a larger population and benefit the world in the long run.
Medicinal Inventions of Shantha Biotechnics Ltd
Every biotechnic company believes in invention for the better of this planet. Their mantra has for years been for the greater good. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is a company which whole heartedly believes in these principles. Its scientists have constantly worked towards innovations. As a pharmaceutical company it has invented better and cheaper Hepatitis B vaccines, Tetanus vaccines and Erythropoietin (EPO) injections. EPO is a hormone in human body which is required for red blood cell productions. It is administered in patients suffering from anemia which results from chronic kidney diseases. It is also used in treating myelodysplasia from the treatment of cancer. It is also crucial for the purposes for further research with cell cultures.
Rotavirus is the cause of severe diarrhea in infants and kids. In India almost a 100,000 kids die from this infection on a yearly basis. The scientists of Shantha Biotechnics Ltd have been focused on coming up with a rotavirus vaccine to eradicate this virus from India. They seek to do this and finally raise the infant mortality rate of India. This disease is still not widely known among people. There is an urgent requirement in developing countries to raise awareness in lower classes about the effects of this virus so that it does not get mistaken for stomach flu before it is too late.
Shantha Biotechnics Ltd has also introduced a vaccine for Cholera which has been approved by the World Health Organizations and is distributed in areas of natural disasters.
HPV or Humanpapilloma Virus is responsible for the cervical cancer. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is focused towards developing a cheaper vaccine for this virus. Their plan is to make the vaccine available for all strata’s of society by the year 2018.
It is the first company in India to develop r-DNA Hepatitis B vaccine.
The research aims of Shantha Biotechnics Ltd
The success of every biotechnic firm is based on a well established research lab. A well established lab requires constant care and maintenance. It requires the latest technologies to better invent new medicines and vaccines. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd believes in being ahead of the game. It has four well established independent laboratories. Each lab is dedicated for specific purposes. The main lab focuses on molecular biology, immunology, microbial fermentation, purification and characterization. The smaller labs are dedicated towards the invention of viral and bacterial vaccines. Primarily their research is concerned with vaccines of Typhoid, Rota Virus and HPV.
Sales and Marketing aims of Shantha Biotechnics Ltd
Every pharmaceutical company aims towards finding a clientele for the sale and marketing of their medicinal products. In a country like India where the rate of communicable diseases has been always high, there is a constant need for cheaper and more effective medicines. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd realizes this problem and focuses on inventing cheap vaccines to control the spread of communicable diseases. It also plans on venturing forth in the international market and making its mark on earth as a known and well established vaccines developing company. Their aims for years have been coming up with better vaccines which can rid the world of many diseases in one go. It has made many advances in creating vaccines for Cholera, Typhoid and many other diseases. As a pharmaceutical company it sells its products through WHO and UN agencies as wells as to governments funded through UNICEF. After its acquisitions by a global pharmaceutical company Sanofi Aventis in the year 2009, Shantha Biotechnic Ltd has gained further heights in the field if biotechnological inventions.
Driven by the needs of its society, Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is committed to coming up with cheaper and better vaccines. The process of development of vaccines is delicate. It requires the latest technology as well as tons of safety measures. For a vaccine to be recognized as viable and legitimate it has to jump through several hoops in the research market to be termed as usable. The development of vaccines requires the dedication of keen and brilliant scientists. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd takes care of all these measures. It is an ethically responsible company which is on its ways to becoming world recognized.
Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is always on the lookout for scholars in the field of science who believe in inventions and are committed to the cause of science. They provide excellent career opportunities for graduates and postgraduates of science on a global scale. They value their human resources and provide them with excellent working environment and state of the art research facilities. Their aim is to improve the conditions of all classes of society with better and affordable vaccines.
It is the area of research which aims at a better quality of life for humans. In the area of medicine biotechnology is referred to as red biotechnology. The aim of pharmaceutical companies is to grow microorganisms on a large scale so that they can help in the production of vaccines and medicines on a large scale. This field has revolutionized the conditions of human life from its birth. From the production of insulin to control the conditions of diabetic patients to the invention of vaccines of fatal diseases the field of red biotechnology has only served and improved the conditions of the human race.
Founded in the year 1993 by Dr K. I Varaprasad Reddy, Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is a company which is dedicated towards coming up with new and improved vaccines and therapeutics. Its aim has been to produce cost effective medicinal products which can reach a larger population and benefit the world in the long run.
Medicinal Inventions of Shantha Biotechnics Ltd
Every biotechnic company believes in invention for the better of this planet. Their mantra has for years been for the greater good. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is a company which whole heartedly believes in these principles. Its scientists have constantly worked towards innovations. As a pharmaceutical company it has invented better and cheaper Hepatitis B vaccines, Tetanus vaccines and Erythropoietin (EPO) injections. EPO is a hormone in human body which is required for red blood cell productions. It is administered in patients suffering from anemia which results from chronic kidney diseases. It is also used in treating myelodysplasia from the treatment of cancer. It is also crucial for the purposes for further research with cell cultures.
Rotavirus is the cause of severe diarrhea in infants and kids. In India almost a 100,000 kids die from this infection on a yearly basis. The scientists of Shantha Biotechnics Ltd have been focused on coming up with a rotavirus vaccine to eradicate this virus from India. They seek to do this and finally raise the infant mortality rate of India. This disease is still not widely known among people. There is an urgent requirement in developing countries to raise awareness in lower classes about the effects of this virus so that it does not get mistaken for stomach flu before it is too late.
Shantha Biotechnics Ltd has also introduced a vaccine for Cholera which has been approved by the World Health Organizations and is distributed in areas of natural disasters.
HPV or Humanpapilloma Virus is responsible for the cervical cancer. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is focused towards developing a cheaper vaccine for this virus. Their plan is to make the vaccine available for all strata’s of society by the year 2018.
It is the first company in India to develop r-DNA Hepatitis B vaccine.
The research aims of Shantha Biotechnics Ltd
The success of every biotechnic firm is based on a well established research lab. A well established lab requires constant care and maintenance. It requires the latest technologies to better invent new medicines and vaccines. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd believes in being ahead of the game. It has four well established independent laboratories. Each lab is dedicated for specific purposes. The main lab focuses on molecular biology, immunology, microbial fermentation, purification and characterization. The smaller labs are dedicated towards the invention of viral and bacterial vaccines. Primarily their research is concerned with vaccines of Typhoid, Rota Virus and HPV.
Sales and Marketing aims of Shantha Biotechnics Ltd
Every pharmaceutical company aims towards finding a clientele for the sale and marketing of their medicinal products. In a country like India where the rate of communicable diseases has been always high, there is a constant need for cheaper and more effective medicines. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd realizes this problem and focuses on inventing cheap vaccines to control the spread of communicable diseases. It also plans on venturing forth in the international market and making its mark on earth as a known and well established vaccines developing company. Their aims for years have been coming up with better vaccines which can rid the world of many diseases in one go. It has made many advances in creating vaccines for Cholera, Typhoid and many other diseases. As a pharmaceutical company it sells its products through WHO and UN agencies as wells as to governments funded through UNICEF. After its acquisitions by a global pharmaceutical company Sanofi Aventis in the year 2009, Shantha Biotechnic Ltd has gained further heights in the field if biotechnological inventions.
Driven by the needs of its society, Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is committed to coming up with cheaper and better vaccines. The process of development of vaccines is delicate. It requires the latest technology as well as tons of safety measures. For a vaccine to be recognized as viable and legitimate it has to jump through several hoops in the research market to be termed as usable. The development of vaccines requires the dedication of keen and brilliant scientists. Shantha Biotechnics Ltd takes care of all these measures. It is an ethically responsible company which is on its ways to becoming world recognized.
Shantha Biotechnics Ltd is always on the lookout for scholars in the field of science who believe in inventions and are committed to the cause of science. They provide excellent career opportunities for graduates and postgraduates of science on a global scale. They value their human resources and provide them with excellent working environment and state of the art research facilities. Their aim is to improve the conditions of all classes of society with better and affordable vaccines.
by sale0303 at 08-13-2013, 05:19 AM
0 comments
The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest colleges in UK, being established in the year of 1231 and is often simply called Cambridge. It is the collegiate university which makes it one comprising of self governing as well as independent colleges who have their own campuses, faculty and income. Together these colleges, their faculties and different courses that they offer to students makes Cambridge classrooms a veritable mix of academics from various encompassing colleges and makes it a ideal cultural mix in all respects.
![[Image: 800px-Kings_College_Cambridge_Great_Court_Panorama.jpg]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kings_College_Cambridge_Great_Court_Panorama.jpg/800px-Kings_College_Cambridge_Great_Court_Panorama.jpg)
The University of California has many important departments including the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. This department has contributed immensely to the ongoing research in new exciting aspects of fundamental biology and traditional chemistry along with research in new avenues of biotechnology and bioengineering. Not only does this department actively give shape to thoughts and innovative research ideas it also believes in commercialization of the thought process making it one of the most successful departments for biotechnology in the world. Every year a select 180 number of total graduates of the best academic backgrounds and highest caliber are given the opportunity to pursue their MPhil or Masters Program in either of the subjects. In fact this department offers an MPhil in Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and two other programs called Masters in Bioscience Enterprise (MBE) and a PhD in Biotechnology or Chemical Engineering.
MPhil in Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
This is the research degree provided by Cambridge and often is taken for consideration while applying for Ph.D. programs and for clearing the entry requirements. The graduates in this program often opt for higher studies after completing a great research program under academic supervision of experienced faculty. The academics are examined by either thesis submission or oral exams. This course is for one year duration commencing from the month of April, October or January. The entry requirements entail that the candidates who apply for this degree should essentially possess the first degree and also should have minimum second class honors in any biological science, chemistry, chemical engineering, engineering, physics or even applied mathematics or any other relevant degrees of equivalent value. A limited number of elite students are allowed a special funding by the department and is based on the applications received.
Masters in Bioscience Enterprise Programme
This is a one year full time degree programme which is multidisciplinary since it is both a biotechnology as well as business course. This invites applications from individuals with strong business acumen who want to take technology into the commercial sector and take on leadership or consulting roles in the sector of life science related industries and organizations. The curriculum broadly deals with latest developments in biotechnology and life sciences along with studying the underlying business principles and all the regulations meant for successfully marketing new ideas of biotech.
It is an interactive course which demands interdisciplinary projects, a variety of case studies as well as activities dealing with business planning. The course also includes a self-funded tour to the USA and opportunities to take up internships or consulting projects under any technology giant. The successful graduates upon completion are awarded an MPhil degree. The typical academic year starts in October and ends in June. Funding and scholarships are available for certain applicants. All details regarding last dates for scholarships and bursaries are available with the Course Administrator and candidates should generally apply early. There are certain requirements to be met which are given under the Cambridge Trusts or other organizations involved in scholarships and grants. The entry requirements include first class honors degree in life sciences, physics, law, economics, medicinal field or other relevant disciplines. This course usually benefits candidates with a background of academics or any sort of post graduate experiences in the field of business like entrepreneurs.
PhD in Chemical Engineering or Biotechnology
The Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology offers an excellent scope for unprecedented research opportunities by providing PhD programs in both Chemical Engineering as well as Biotechnology. Applications are accepted and selected candidates are only registered for the PhD after a strict three month long assessment period. This course has a comprehensive total duration of nine consecutive academic terms during which academics undergo professional supervised research work after which on the basis of their findings, each candidate submits individual dissertation. The scope of research topics being offered by this department is vast and covers key growth areas of field of chemical engineering and biotechnology.
The PhD program in either of the areas asks for a minimum of good second class and above preferably first class honors degree from prestigious institutions including equivalent degrees offered by overseas institutions in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, biology, biochemistry, engineering, physics, life sciences, applied mathematics or any other similar relevant streams. In some cases, appropriate Masters Degree qualification criteria might be considered under the guidelines prescribed by the selection committee. Funding, grants and scholarships including monthly stipends all are granted in limited numbers depending on the application review by the respective committee.
College system in Cambridge Overview
Any student who becomes a member of the Cambridge University by gaining a place in any of the graduate courses basically belongs to both the University as well as to a specific college under which they pursue their course and research. Supervisors who guide the academics need not necessarily be of the same college and hence it offers students a great degree of flexibility. The chosen department is the place to attend lectures from faculty and conduct the research work. The Colleges on the other hand are the source for academic as well as pastoral support in form of tutors and help from Graduate Office. It offers necessary financial assistance, solves queries, provides student accommodation and has a full in-house range of activities related to social, cultural as well as sporting and debating fields. All the formal processes like the matriculation or the process of formal joining of a student in University or College, visa status monitoring of candidates from overseas and also the end graduation formalities are also handled exclusively by the College authorities.
The University of California has many important departments including the Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology. This department has contributed immensely to the ongoing research in new exciting aspects of fundamental biology and traditional chemistry along with research in new avenues of biotechnology and bioengineering. Not only does this department actively give shape to thoughts and innovative research ideas it also believes in commercialization of the thought process making it one of the most successful departments for biotechnology in the world. Every year a select 180 number of total graduates of the best academic backgrounds and highest caliber are given the opportunity to pursue their MPhil or Masters Program in either of the subjects. In fact this department offers an MPhil in Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology and two other programs called Masters in Bioscience Enterprise (MBE) and a PhD in Biotechnology or Chemical Engineering.
MPhil in Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
This is the research degree provided by Cambridge and often is taken for consideration while applying for Ph.D. programs and for clearing the entry requirements. The graduates in this program often opt for higher studies after completing a great research program under academic supervision of experienced faculty. The academics are examined by either thesis submission or oral exams. This course is for one year duration commencing from the month of April, October or January. The entry requirements entail that the candidates who apply for this degree should essentially possess the first degree and also should have minimum second class honors in any biological science, chemistry, chemical engineering, engineering, physics or even applied mathematics or any other relevant degrees of equivalent value. A limited number of elite students are allowed a special funding by the department and is based on the applications received.
Masters in Bioscience Enterprise Programme
This is a one year full time degree programme which is multidisciplinary since it is both a biotechnology as well as business course. This invites applications from individuals with strong business acumen who want to take technology into the commercial sector and take on leadership or consulting roles in the sector of life science related industries and organizations. The curriculum broadly deals with latest developments in biotechnology and life sciences along with studying the underlying business principles and all the regulations meant for successfully marketing new ideas of biotech.
It is an interactive course which demands interdisciplinary projects, a variety of case studies as well as activities dealing with business planning. The course also includes a self-funded tour to the USA and opportunities to take up internships or consulting projects under any technology giant. The successful graduates upon completion are awarded an MPhil degree. The typical academic year starts in October and ends in June. Funding and scholarships are available for certain applicants. All details regarding last dates for scholarships and bursaries are available with the Course Administrator and candidates should generally apply early. There are certain requirements to be met which are given under the Cambridge Trusts or other organizations involved in scholarships and grants. The entry requirements include first class honors degree in life sciences, physics, law, economics, medicinal field or other relevant disciplines. This course usually benefits candidates with a background of academics or any sort of post graduate experiences in the field of business like entrepreneurs.
PhD in Chemical Engineering or Biotechnology
The Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology offers an excellent scope for unprecedented research opportunities by providing PhD programs in both Chemical Engineering as well as Biotechnology. Applications are accepted and selected candidates are only registered for the PhD after a strict three month long assessment period. This course has a comprehensive total duration of nine consecutive academic terms during which academics undergo professional supervised research work after which on the basis of their findings, each candidate submits individual dissertation. The scope of research topics being offered by this department is vast and covers key growth areas of field of chemical engineering and biotechnology.
The PhD program in either of the areas asks for a minimum of good second class and above preferably first class honors degree from prestigious institutions including equivalent degrees offered by overseas institutions in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, biology, biochemistry, engineering, physics, life sciences, applied mathematics or any other similar relevant streams. In some cases, appropriate Masters Degree qualification criteria might be considered under the guidelines prescribed by the selection committee. Funding, grants and scholarships including monthly stipends all are granted in limited numbers depending on the application review by the respective committee.
College system in Cambridge Overview
Any student who becomes a member of the Cambridge University by gaining a place in any of the graduate courses basically belongs to both the University as well as to a specific college under which they pursue their course and research. Supervisors who guide the academics need not necessarily be of the same college and hence it offers students a great degree of flexibility. The chosen department is the place to attend lectures from faculty and conduct the research work. The Colleges on the other hand are the source for academic as well as pastoral support in form of tutors and help from Graduate Office. It offers necessary financial assistance, solves queries, provides student accommodation and has a full in-house range of activities related to social, cultural as well as sporting and debating fields. All the formal processes like the matriculation or the process of formal joining of a student in University or College, visa status monitoring of candidates from overseas and also the end graduation formalities are also handled exclusively by the College authorities.
by sale0303 at 08-13-2013, 05:15 AM
0 comments
Actelion is a reputed Biotech firm located at Basel, Switzerland. The firm is famous for being the pioneers in the area regarding endothelian receptor antagonists. The first product successfully manufactured by the firm was an endothelian receptor antagonist. Actelion was initially financed and supported by venture capital along with companies such as HealthCap and Sofinnova. Actelion is a specialist when it comes to orphan diseases and this is a tricky research prospect mainly due to the fact that investors often do not choose to invest in such companies due to fear of low ROI.
Orphan Diseases and Their Types
However, this is a serious problem for patients affected by orphan diseases and as a result Actelion CEO, Jean Paul Clozel decided to work on such rare diseases. Orphan diseases are known to affect children and Actelion works on research on such diseases and their cures.
Actelion currently operates out of 28 countries around the globe namely Canada, Japan, Australia, Brazil, Switzerland and a few other European countries such as France, and the United Kingdom. The Actelion Endothelin Research Award program was started back in 2006 with the aim of supporting selective research programs. Actelion is currently known for working on ten important drugs, 3 of which are at their final stages of research.
Traceleer is known to work on the enhancement of pulmonary arterial hypertension and is the first from Actelion. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a known but rare chronic disease which is life threatening. It severely affects the heart and lungs and disrupts the functionalities. Zavesca is the only oral treatment at the moment for patients suffering from Gaucher disease.
Ventavis is the third drug from Actelion aimed at working on pulmonary arterial hypertension while Veletri is a long time cure for scleroderma spectrum diseases. Actelion is a reputed company and the research and development team is fairly renowned in this field of operation. The company currently employs 2,467 people in research, development marketing and sales and has posted sales equivalent to 1,929 million CHF. Actelion started trading as a member of the Swiss Market Index since September 2006.
Stepping on The Growing Cloth
Actelion plans on making huge profits in the financial quarter of 2014 – 2015 if its new lung and heart drugs are better received in the market in the meantime. Chief Financial Officer Andrew Oakley recently said in an interview that there is room for enhancement in sales and the company is working on improving the current batch of drugs. Actelion claims that the company is planning on crossing eight digits in terms of earnings by the end of the year.
The growth picked up back in 2012 and is continuing well into 2013. As a result the company is quite happy with the returns and is planning big for the time ahead. Actelion recently received a boost from the market as its lung and heart drug was well received in the market. Opsumit replaced the best selling Tracleer recently and the results obtained were outstanding. This is also a revolutionary find as Tracleer accounts for close to 87 percent of the total sales recorded at Actelion.
Actelion received quite a few awards during the course of its innovations and the Prix Hermès de l'innovation or the Hermès Award for Innovation, it received in 2011 is the most prestigious of them all. Actelion is a think tank of scientists and some of the greatest minds from around the world come together to work jointly in projects. Actelion plans on enhancing values through its vast knowledge in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy.
Best Investments for a Cause
Actelion plans on chasing best quality infrastructure along with the best possible research and the plans are commercially viable too. A completely balanced environment is created within the laboratories and this helps preserve the viability of the drugs. Seeking out licenses to coming up with new drugs to maximize production. Actelion is also a market leader in terms of marketing strategies and the company has huge followers and record huge sales while securing huge profit margins due to its innovations.
Actelion works towards promoting a better environment for work, encouraging proactive identification while assessing the risks involved. This is a varied task which needs constant monitoring. Saving lives is the major concern at Actelion and that is the common target people try to achieve at work. A committed work power is also what distinguishes Actelion from the other Biotechnology companies in Switzerland.
The list of patients at Actelion is quite high and most of them have been worked on carefully. Actelion has taken quite some time to reach where it is actually at the moment Actelion recently plans purchasing Ceptaris Therapeutics for close to $250 million. This is a confirmed report especially after the latest developments from Actelion seem to be making quite an impact in the market.
FDA seems to have been a problem with Actelion and their investment plans in the past although no such issues have surfaced within the past couple of years. Actelion wants to build up a formidable reputation and is hence working towards achieving the same. Actelion is known especially for its ability to work on exclusively rare diseases and as a result the investors are willing to work hard.
The company also plans on working on its portfolio apart from the PAH franchise and the company wants to continue working on its rare disease agenda. Orphan diseases are a source of trouble and cause massive damages to certain parts of the body. The heart and lungs are the primary target areas which needs special attention. Actelion has received close to $10 Million in terms of investment within the past few days.
Even though this is not much it is sufficient to keep current projects on track. Needs of the patients need to be fulfilled first and that is the precise course of action Actelion has taken at the moment. Cepatris needed to be bailed out while Actelion needed a new partnership. This as a result made it easy for both sides. The T Cell lymphoma is the final drug that Actelion is currently working on.
Orphan Diseases and Their Types
However, this is a serious problem for patients affected by orphan diseases and as a result Actelion CEO, Jean Paul Clozel decided to work on such rare diseases. Orphan diseases are known to affect children and Actelion works on research on such diseases and their cures.
Actelion currently operates out of 28 countries around the globe namely Canada, Japan, Australia, Brazil, Switzerland and a few other European countries such as France, and the United Kingdom. The Actelion Endothelin Research Award program was started back in 2006 with the aim of supporting selective research programs. Actelion is currently known for working on ten important drugs, 3 of which are at their final stages of research.
Traceleer is known to work on the enhancement of pulmonary arterial hypertension and is the first from Actelion. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a known but rare chronic disease which is life threatening. It severely affects the heart and lungs and disrupts the functionalities. Zavesca is the only oral treatment at the moment for patients suffering from Gaucher disease.
Ventavis is the third drug from Actelion aimed at working on pulmonary arterial hypertension while Veletri is a long time cure for scleroderma spectrum diseases. Actelion is a reputed company and the research and development team is fairly renowned in this field of operation. The company currently employs 2,467 people in research, development marketing and sales and has posted sales equivalent to 1,929 million CHF. Actelion started trading as a member of the Swiss Market Index since September 2006.
Stepping on The Growing Cloth
Actelion plans on making huge profits in the financial quarter of 2014 – 2015 if its new lung and heart drugs are better received in the market in the meantime. Chief Financial Officer Andrew Oakley recently said in an interview that there is room for enhancement in sales and the company is working on improving the current batch of drugs. Actelion claims that the company is planning on crossing eight digits in terms of earnings by the end of the year.
The growth picked up back in 2012 and is continuing well into 2013. As a result the company is quite happy with the returns and is planning big for the time ahead. Actelion recently received a boost from the market as its lung and heart drug was well received in the market. Opsumit replaced the best selling Tracleer recently and the results obtained were outstanding. This is also a revolutionary find as Tracleer accounts for close to 87 percent of the total sales recorded at Actelion.
Actelion received quite a few awards during the course of its innovations and the Prix Hermès de l'innovation or the Hermès Award for Innovation, it received in 2011 is the most prestigious of them all. Actelion is a think tank of scientists and some of the greatest minds from around the world come together to work jointly in projects. Actelion plans on enhancing values through its vast knowledge in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy.
Best Investments for a Cause
Actelion plans on chasing best quality infrastructure along with the best possible research and the plans are commercially viable too. A completely balanced environment is created within the laboratories and this helps preserve the viability of the drugs. Seeking out licenses to coming up with new drugs to maximize production. Actelion is also a market leader in terms of marketing strategies and the company has huge followers and record huge sales while securing huge profit margins due to its innovations.
Actelion works towards promoting a better environment for work, encouraging proactive identification while assessing the risks involved. This is a varied task which needs constant monitoring. Saving lives is the major concern at Actelion and that is the common target people try to achieve at work. A committed work power is also what distinguishes Actelion from the other Biotechnology companies in Switzerland.
The list of patients at Actelion is quite high and most of them have been worked on carefully. Actelion has taken quite some time to reach where it is actually at the moment Actelion recently plans purchasing Ceptaris Therapeutics for close to $250 million. This is a confirmed report especially after the latest developments from Actelion seem to be making quite an impact in the market.
FDA seems to have been a problem with Actelion and their investment plans in the past although no such issues have surfaced within the past couple of years. Actelion wants to build up a formidable reputation and is hence working towards achieving the same. Actelion is known especially for its ability to work on exclusively rare diseases and as a result the investors are willing to work hard.
The company also plans on working on its portfolio apart from the PAH franchise and the company wants to continue working on its rare disease agenda. Orphan diseases are a source of trouble and cause massive damages to certain parts of the body. The heart and lungs are the primary target areas which needs special attention. Actelion has received close to $10 Million in terms of investment within the past few days.
Even though this is not much it is sufficient to keep current projects on track. Needs of the patients need to be fulfilled first and that is the precise course of action Actelion has taken at the moment. Cepatris needed to be bailed out while Actelion needed a new partnership. This as a result made it easy for both sides. The T Cell lymphoma is the final drug that Actelion is currently working on.
by sale0303 at 08-12-2013, 07:49 AM
1 comments
Novo Nordisk is one of the world's leading biotechnology companies with main focus on diabetes. The company is driven to find the ultimate cure of diabetes and finally rid the world of this horrible disease.
Simply speaking, biotechnology uses living systems and organisms to develop useful products which aid in healthcare as well as food production. The field of biotechnology has made the future of mankind better and brighter. The field of biotechnology is multidisciplinary. It is dedicated to producing new drugs to treat several diseases and developing several vaccines. Biotechnology has also made many advances in the field of agriculture. It has also made several advances in genome therapies and mapping the human genome. The field of biotechnology covers several areas of industry. With the aid of biotechnological skills scientists are forever breaking new grounds in the field of medicine and agriculture.
Contributions in The Field of Diabetes
Novo Nordisk has worked tirelessly since its establishment in 1923 to find the cure for diabetes. The company not only focuses on the development of medicines which battle diabetes, but also has several programs dedicated to spreading awareness about this disease. Its programs include educating people about diabetes. The company has devoted itself to help patients fight diabetes. Its focus is on all ages that suffer from the disease. Although Novo Nordisk has broken many grounds with treating diabetes medically, the company also realizes the psychological impact that this disease has on the lives of people. This company has launched many initiatives to help people cope with the disease and live with it in a psychologically stable manner.
Novo Nordisk founded the World Diabetes Foundation to help people all over the world in combating the disease. Its initiative in the healthcare department is remarkable. This company is has been phenomenal in reaching out to families and eradicating their fear of diabetes so that they can deal with it in the right fashion. It has worked tirelessly to remove the myths surrounding this disease which affects millions of people worldwide.
This company has made many innovations throughout the years in the manufacture of insulin in safer and productive ways to help the world in better dealing with the disease. This company is also known for its inauguration of Novo Nordisk World Diabetes tour visiting several countries around the world to spread awareness about the disease.
This company has also invented several insulin delivery devices which are easy to use and manage. Along with delivery devices, Novo Nordisk is a world leader in diabetes medication and awareness. It has developed several insulin medications depending on the severity of cases and type of diabetes.
This company provides information about diabetes to all individuals who are suffering from this disease as well as for people whose loved ones are suffering from diabetes. They provide several online manuals as well as guides which train individuals to manage and deal with this disease and its consequences. It also spreads knowledge on leading a healthy and normal life even with diabetes. This company believes the diabetes can be cured. Its main aim is to find the cure of diabetes and rid the world of this disease.
Contributions in Haemostasis Management
Novo Nordisk has also worked towards Haemostasis Management. Haemostasis is the process which involves human body’s response to blood vessel injury and bleeding. In healthy people of this kind of bleeding is generally followed by clotting which controls further bleeding. In some cases however like with people suffering from the congenital disease of Haemophilia medical intervention is required.
Novo Nordisk is known for its development of a medicine which helps in treating the bleeding of patients suffering from Haemophilia A and B. This medicine can be used in cases of spontaneous bleeding.
Contributions in Growth Hormone Therapy
Growth hormone is a chemically produced substance formed by the pituitary gland of the brain. It is a very important hormone of the body which produces the hormone for childhood growth and is known for maintenance of metabolism of adults. Biosynthetic growth hormone is now used in the treatment of many diseases. Growth hormone deficiency results in retardation of growth in children. There can be many reasons for this deficiency.
This company has invented a multi-dose pen medication which successfully injects the medications in patients suffering from growth hormone deficiency. It is a simple to use disposable pen which patients can use easily albeit after being prescribed by a trained physician. They have also taken many steps in spreading awareness about the administration of this medicine as well as awareness about the disease. Novo Nordisk has taken several initiatives in spreading awareness about growth hormone deficiency.
Novo Nordisk and Sustainable Development
This company is known for its ethically responsible programs. It is a responsible firm which understands its social responsibility. It is committed to innovation. But this innovation is not at the price of human lives. It is a respectable firm which understands its limits and continues to work in an environmentally sound fashion.
It uses economically viable means to manage its growth and profitability. The company works in a fashion that its growth is dedicated towards human welfare and by extension society’s welfare. This company works towards production in an environmentally sound fashion. It ensures that its production does not in any way harm earth and its resources.
Novo Nordisk family has grown at a worldwide level over the years and has professionals and scientists working worldwide to find a cure for diabetes. It is committed to the cause of fighting diseases and bringing their cures to all sections of society. This company has launched several initiatives to help people all over the world. Its Change Diabetes program is widely known and has reached millions of people. Novo Nordisk tends to hire people who are committed and sincere. It is always on the lookout for innovative minds in the field of medicine.
Latest News
- Novo Nordisk sees double-digit growth in first half of 2013
- Novo Nordisk donates $80000 for diabetes education in Minn.
- Top insulin maker Novo caught up in China's widening drug probes
- Novo says three year wait for Tresiba safety data
Simply speaking, biotechnology uses living systems and organisms to develop useful products which aid in healthcare as well as food production. The field of biotechnology has made the future of mankind better and brighter. The field of biotechnology is multidisciplinary. It is dedicated to producing new drugs to treat several diseases and developing several vaccines. Biotechnology has also made many advances in the field of agriculture. It has also made several advances in genome therapies and mapping the human genome. The field of biotechnology covers several areas of industry. With the aid of biotechnological skills scientists are forever breaking new grounds in the field of medicine and agriculture.
Contributions in The Field of Diabetes
Novo Nordisk has worked tirelessly since its establishment in 1923 to find the cure for diabetes. The company not only focuses on the development of medicines which battle diabetes, but also has several programs dedicated to spreading awareness about this disease. Its programs include educating people about diabetes. The company has devoted itself to help patients fight diabetes. Its focus is on all ages that suffer from the disease. Although Novo Nordisk has broken many grounds with treating diabetes medically, the company also realizes the psychological impact that this disease has on the lives of people. This company has launched many initiatives to help people cope with the disease and live with it in a psychologically stable manner.
Novo Nordisk founded the World Diabetes Foundation to help people all over the world in combating the disease. Its initiative in the healthcare department is remarkable. This company is has been phenomenal in reaching out to families and eradicating their fear of diabetes so that they can deal with it in the right fashion. It has worked tirelessly to remove the myths surrounding this disease which affects millions of people worldwide.
This company has made many innovations throughout the years in the manufacture of insulin in safer and productive ways to help the world in better dealing with the disease. This company is also known for its inauguration of Novo Nordisk World Diabetes tour visiting several countries around the world to spread awareness about the disease.
This company has also invented several insulin delivery devices which are easy to use and manage. Along with delivery devices, Novo Nordisk is a world leader in diabetes medication and awareness. It has developed several insulin medications depending on the severity of cases and type of diabetes.
This company provides information about diabetes to all individuals who are suffering from this disease as well as for people whose loved ones are suffering from diabetes. They provide several online manuals as well as guides which train individuals to manage and deal with this disease and its consequences. It also spreads knowledge on leading a healthy and normal life even with diabetes. This company believes the diabetes can be cured. Its main aim is to find the cure of diabetes and rid the world of this disease.
Contributions in Haemostasis Management
Novo Nordisk has also worked towards Haemostasis Management. Haemostasis is the process which involves human body’s response to blood vessel injury and bleeding. In healthy people of this kind of bleeding is generally followed by clotting which controls further bleeding. In some cases however like with people suffering from the congenital disease of Haemophilia medical intervention is required.
Novo Nordisk is known for its development of a medicine which helps in treating the bleeding of patients suffering from Haemophilia A and B. This medicine can be used in cases of spontaneous bleeding.
Contributions in Growth Hormone Therapy
Growth hormone is a chemically produced substance formed by the pituitary gland of the brain. It is a very important hormone of the body which produces the hormone for childhood growth and is known for maintenance of metabolism of adults. Biosynthetic growth hormone is now used in the treatment of many diseases. Growth hormone deficiency results in retardation of growth in children. There can be many reasons for this deficiency.
This company has invented a multi-dose pen medication which successfully injects the medications in patients suffering from growth hormone deficiency. It is a simple to use disposable pen which patients can use easily albeit after being prescribed by a trained physician. They have also taken many steps in spreading awareness about the administration of this medicine as well as awareness about the disease. Novo Nordisk has taken several initiatives in spreading awareness about growth hormone deficiency.
Novo Nordisk and Sustainable Development
This company is known for its ethically responsible programs. It is a responsible firm which understands its social responsibility. It is committed to innovation. But this innovation is not at the price of human lives. It is a respectable firm which understands its limits and continues to work in an environmentally sound fashion.
It uses economically viable means to manage its growth and profitability. The company works in a fashion that its growth is dedicated towards human welfare and by extension society’s welfare. This company works towards production in an environmentally sound fashion. It ensures that its production does not in any way harm earth and its resources.
Novo Nordisk family has grown at a worldwide level over the years and has professionals and scientists working worldwide to find a cure for diabetes. It is committed to the cause of fighting diseases and bringing their cures to all sections of society. This company has launched several initiatives to help people all over the world. Its Change Diabetes program is widely known and has reached millions of people. Novo Nordisk tends to hire people who are committed and sincere. It is always on the lookout for innovative minds in the field of medicine.
Latest News
- Novo Nordisk sees double-digit growth in first half of 2013
- Novo Nordisk donates $80000 for diabetes education in Minn.
- Top insulin maker Novo caught up in China's widening drug probes
- Novo says three year wait for Tresiba safety data
by sale0303 at 08-11-2013, 05:25 AM
2 comments
UCL, Univeristy College London, is a world renowned educational insitute with multi-disciplinary focus. Located in London (United Kingdom), UCL has consistently been ranked amongst best universities of the world. In 2014, UCL was ranked joint 5th in the world's top ten universities by the QS World University Rankings (2014).
University College London (UCL) was first established in the year of 1862 and since then has acted as one of the top universities in the London city and the general domain of UK. With world class faculties, students from every corner of the globe and state of the art courses and campus, this university has managed to remain amongst the top for every student who aims for success. It has large number of undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate and research options in numerous courses, each with its own faculties and departments. With research partnerships in over 300 overseas universities, UCL has managed to bring in students from more than 150 nations and promotes study experiences abroad as part of the curriculum.
Nobel Prizes have been awarded to 29 people who are or were students or academics at UCL. In 2014, John O'Keefe was awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine, for his ground-breaking joint research on “Discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain”
As a matter of fact, 11 UCL Honorary Graduates and Fellows have also been awarded Nobel Prizes.
Biotechnology at UCL (University College London)
The courses related to Life Sciences/Biotechnology at UCL are:
a. Undergraduate courses
One can get admission to these courses right after completion of College (in UK terms) or Senior Secondary School (or 12th in Indian terms).
Degree options:
A. BSc : 3 years
B. MSci : 4 years
C. BEng : 3 years
D. MEng : 4 years
b. Graduate Research courses
One can get admission to these courses after completion of his/her undergraduate and/or masters studies, with future focus on research.
Degree options:
A. MPhil
B. PhD
C. Doctorates
c. Graduate Taught courses
One can get admission to these courses after completion of his/her undergraduate studies with an aim to strenghten their academic profile over and above the undergraduate degree(s).
Degree options:
A. MSc/PG Diploma : 1 year
B. MRes : 1 year
Following is a summary of various degrees and specific fields in which you can pursue a course at UCL.
![[Image: UCL_Undergrad_Masters_taught_phd.gif]](http://s16.postimg.org/ixdwczqkl/UCL_Undergrad_Masters_taught_phd.gif)
For details on Undergraduate courses, please refer: ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/undergraduate/degrees
For details on Graduate Taught courses, please refer: ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/taught/degrees
For details on Graduate Research courses, please refer:
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/research/degrees
Admission Criteria
a. UG courses
The admission requirements of most of the UG courses (BSc, BEng, MSci, MEng) discussed above, are similar. The minimum eligible qualification requirement for enrolling in the course(s) is different for different countries (in accordance with their Education System).
Following are the details for BSc Biotechnology courseat UCL:
For A Levels
Grades: AAA
Subjects: Chemistry required plus one from Biology, Mathematics or Physics.
AS Levels: For UK-based students a pass in a further subject at AS level or equivalent is required.
GCSEs: English Language and Mathematics at grade B. For UK-based students, a grade C or equivalent in a foreign language (other than Ancient Greek, Biblical Hebrew or Latin) is required. UCL provides opportunities to meet the foreign language requirement following enrolment, further details at: www.ucl.ac.uk/ug-reqs
For IB Diploma
Points: 38
Subjects: A total of 18 points in three higher level subjects including Chemistry at grade 6, and one subject from Biology, Mathematics or Physics, with no score below 5.
For Indian Students
Indian applicants must ensure that they have been awarded with one of the following:
Average intake for BSc Biotech at UCL goes around (90-95 seats). For further details on this course: CLICK HERE
For details pertaining to other UG courses, PLEASE CLICK HERE
b. Graduate taught courses
The admission requirements of most of the Graduate taught courses (MSc, MRes) discussed above, are also mostly similar. The minimum eligible qualification requirement for enrolling in these course(s) is also different for different countries (in accordance with their Education System).
Following are the details for MSc Biochemical Engineering course at UCL:
For UK Students
Master's; Medical / Dental degree; MPhil/PhD
For further details about MSc, Biochemical Engineering, Visit here:
( http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-student...eering-msc )
For details on other Graduate taught courses, please visit here: ( http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-student...ate/taught )
c. Graduate research courses
The graduate research courses at UCL are one of the most sought after courses for students across the globe. A full-time PhD often spans around 3 years at UCL. Following are the minimum eligibility requirements for PhD in Biochemical Engineering at UCL:
For UK/Related Students
A UK Master’s degree, or a minimum of an upper second-class UK Bachelor’s degree, in a relevant discipline, or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard.
For Indian Students
A Bachelor's degree with an overall mark of 65% in the First Class/Division and above.
The overall mark required is also dependent on the subject and the ranking of the institution at which the degree has been taken.
The rankings published by India Today may be used as a guide.
Alternative qualifications
Master's; Medical / Dental degree; MPhil/PhD
For further details about PhD in Biochemical Engineering at UCL, please refer: ( http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-student...-mphil-phd )
University College London (UCL) was first established in the year of 1862 and since then has acted as one of the top universities in the London city and the general domain of UK. With world class faculties, students from every corner of the globe and state of the art courses and campus, this university has managed to remain amongst the top for every student who aims for success. It has large number of undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate and research options in numerous courses, each with its own faculties and departments. With research partnerships in over 300 overseas universities, UCL has managed to bring in students from more than 150 nations and promotes study experiences abroad as part of the curriculum.
Nobel Prizes have been awarded to 29 people who are or were students or academics at UCL. In 2014, John O'Keefe was awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine, for his ground-breaking joint research on “Discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain”
As a matter of fact, 11 UCL Honorary Graduates and Fellows have also been awarded Nobel Prizes.
Biotechnology at UCL (University College London)
The courses related to Life Sciences/Biotechnology at UCL are:
a. Undergraduate courses
One can get admission to these courses right after completion of College (in UK terms) or Senior Secondary School (or 12th in Indian terms).
Degree options:
A. BSc : 3 years
B. MSci : 4 years
C. BEng : 3 years
D. MEng : 4 years
b. Graduate Research courses
One can get admission to these courses after completion of his/her undergraduate and/or masters studies, with future focus on research.
Degree options:
A. MPhil
B. PhD
C. Doctorates
c. Graduate Taught courses
One can get admission to these courses after completion of his/her undergraduate studies with an aim to strenghten their academic profile over and above the undergraduate degree(s).
Degree options:
A. MSc/PG Diploma : 1 year
B. MRes : 1 year
Following is a summary of various degrees and specific fields in which you can pursue a course at UCL.
For details on Undergraduate courses, please refer: ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/undergraduate/degrees
For details on Graduate Taught courses, please refer: ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/taught/degrees
For details on Graduate Research courses, please refer:
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-students/graduate/research/degrees
Admission Criteria
a. UG courses
The admission requirements of most of the UG courses (BSc, BEng, MSci, MEng) discussed above, are similar. The minimum eligible qualification requirement for enrolling in the course(s) is different for different countries (in accordance with their Education System).
Following are the details for BSc Biotechnology courseat UCL:
For A Levels
Grades: AAA
Subjects: Chemistry required plus one from Biology, Mathematics or Physics.
AS Levels: For UK-based students a pass in a further subject at AS level or equivalent is required.
GCSEs: English Language and Mathematics at grade B. For UK-based students, a grade C or equivalent in a foreign language (other than Ancient Greek, Biblical Hebrew or Latin) is required. UCL provides opportunities to meet the foreign language requirement following enrolment, further details at: www.ucl.ac.uk/ug-reqs
For IB Diploma
Points: 38
Subjects: A total of 18 points in three higher level subjects including Chemistry at grade 6, and one subject from Biology, Mathematics or Physics, with no score below 5.
For Indian Students
Indian applicants must ensure that they have been awarded with one of the following:
- Successful completion of one year of a Bachelor Degree at an Indian university recognised by UCL, with an average of 75% or the First Class/Division.
- The Year 12/Standard 12 Indian School Certificate, with 95% or above when awarded from CISCE or CBSE.
Average intake for BSc Biotech at UCL goes around (90-95 seats). For further details on this course: CLICK HERE
For details pertaining to other UG courses, PLEASE CLICK HERE
b. Graduate taught courses
The admission requirements of most of the Graduate taught courses (MSc, MRes) discussed above, are also mostly similar. The minimum eligible qualification requirement for enrolling in these course(s) is also different for different countries (in accordance with their Education System).
Following are the details for MSc Biochemical Engineering course at UCL:
For UK Students
- Normal entry requirements are at least a second-class Bachelor's degree from a UK university or the equivalent from an approved overseas institution.
- Candidates offering recent industrial experience are also encouraged to apply.
- As with any engineering discipline numeracy skills are important for the quantitative description of biological and physical phenomena. Evidence of numerical ability is requested as either an A level in Mathematics (or in exceptional cases, in Physics) or some mathematics studied at university.
- The department provides mathematics tutoring for Master's students throughout the year adjusted to a candidate's ability.
- A Bachelor's degree with an overall mark of 60% in the First Class/Division and above. The overall mark required is also dependent on the subject and the ranking of the institution at which the degree has been taken. The rankings published by India Today may be used as a guide.
Master's; Medical / Dental degree; MPhil/PhD
For further details about MSc, Biochemical Engineering, Visit here:
( http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-student...eering-msc )
For details on other Graduate taught courses, please visit here: ( http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-student...ate/taught )
c. Graduate research courses
The graduate research courses at UCL are one of the most sought after courses for students across the globe. A full-time PhD often spans around 3 years at UCL. Following are the minimum eligibility requirements for PhD in Biochemical Engineering at UCL:
For UK/Related Students
A UK Master’s degree, or a minimum of an upper second-class UK Bachelor’s degree, in a relevant discipline, or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard.
For Indian Students
A Bachelor's degree with an overall mark of 65% in the First Class/Division and above.
The overall mark required is also dependent on the subject and the ranking of the institution at which the degree has been taken.
The rankings published by India Today may be used as a guide.
Alternative qualifications
Master's; Medical / Dental degree; MPhil/PhD
For further details about PhD in Biochemical Engineering at UCL, please refer: ( http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prospective-student...-mphil-phd )
by Aparna0305 at 08-11-2013, 03:10 AM
0 comments
Acceleron pharmaceuticals work towards researching and developing medications for life threatening and chronic debilitating disease conditions. This firm is aimed at developing pharma products based on novel protein therapies which can go a long way in treatment of disease conditions such as cancer and anemia.
This company laid its foundation in the year 2003 and has been growing ever since. The expert research scientists of this firm regulate the transforming growth factor beta (TGF – beta) that belongs to the super family of proteins into medications. This has been widely used in the treatment of blood diseases and cancer. TGF – beta plays a fundamental role in growth and repair of blood vessels, blood cells and bone tissues.
The headquarters of Acceleron Pharmaceuticals is based in Cambridge, United States. The firm has been a receiver of several awards for making a valuable contribution in the area of pharmaceuticals.
Popular biotech products
Acceleron pharmaceuticals have hands on expertise in manufacturing drugs for those diseases for which no therapies have yet been approved. In addition, the drugs manufactured by this company have also proved to be useful when it is given in addition to other drugs for treatment of specific diseases.
The firm has 3 branches of biologic therapies. The therapies along with their uses in diseases are listed below:
1. Sotatercept that has been used for treating disease conditions such as β-Thalessemia, chronic kidney disease, myelodisplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma, diamond – blackfan anemia and myeofibrosis.
2. ACE-536 has been indicated in disease conditions such as β-Thalessemia and myelodisplastic syndrome.
3. Dalantercept is used in treatment for cancers of the head and neck, renal cell carcinoma, endometrial and ovarian cancer.
Latest discoveries
The year 2013, has been an eventful year for Acceleron pharmaceuticals.
• The company received approval from The Food and Drug Administration on the drug ACE-536 for treatment of rare blood diseases.
• In the same year, it initiated its phase 2 study for the drug ACE-356 for treating patients with β-thalessemia. The drug ACE-356 is also being tested for its efficacy in treating anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.
• It also began its clinical trial for dalantercept for treating patients with ovarian cancer.
Recent company takeovers
Acceleron pharmaceuticals has partnered with several corporate firms which are pioneers in their own fields. It has made collaborations with biopharmaceutical companies to extend its research on products that can be used for treating several life threatening disease conditions such as cancers and anemia.
In the year 2010, Acceleron pharmaceutical joined hands with Shire at $498 million for the drug ACE-031 and other molecules.
This firm has received about $225 million in company collaborations. The joint collaborations will help them expand and discover new products. The collaborations will also help in conducting clinical trials for the newly discovered products.
In the year 2011, Acceleron pharmaceuticals shook hands with Celgene Corporation for the ACE-536 program. The basic aim of the joint collaboration was to develop new products for eradicating anemia throughout the nation. It was also decided that Celenge will pay an amount of $25 million as an upfront payment for developing and commercialization of ACE-536.
Corporate news
Acceleron pharmaceuticals have recently registered for public offering of stock that could move up to $74.8 billion. The company however, is yet to decide on the number of stocks and the price for each offering.
In the year 2012, the company lost about $32.6 million on revenues of about $15.3 million. It has also been said that the Citigroup and Leerinck Swann LLC will have a joint collaboration with Acceleron pharmaceutical in this offering.
Towards the end of the year 2011, Acceleron secures about $30M private financing.
Acceleron has bagged several local and national awards for its outstanding performance towards research and development of pharmaceuticals for the health of the public at large. It has received the Boston Business Journal award in the year 2009, Fierce Biotech Winner, The Wall Street Journal Award and Team Massachusetts Economic Impact Awards.
Work culture
The work culture of Acceleron pharmaceuticals is very professional yet friendly. This firm believes in team and collaborative work and is forever striving hard to take research to new heights. Discovery of new products for treating life threatening disease conditions is the main motto of this firm. The individuals at Acceleron are hard working and conduct all clinical trials with perfection. The two main factors for the success of this firm are team work and the nature of team work.
Interesting events
Acceleron pharmaceuticals has been a part of several interesting events in the past. In the current year also, it took part in the 31st Annual J. P. Morgan Healthcare conference. In the past years too, the firm participated in several conferences and international meets for presenting their clinical findings as well as being at par with the upcoming events. Some of the important events have been summarized as below:
• In the year 2012, Acceleron along with its partners presented data on the “potential biomarkers for metastatic breast cancer and head and neck cancer” at the conference on 2012 markers in cancer.
• In the year 2011, Acceleron presented its data on “Anabolic bone effects of ACE-661” at an international meet.
• In the year 2010, it presented findings of its preliminary research on ACE-031 from Phase 1 of “First- in human clinical trial” at the 22nd EORTC-NCI-AACR symposium. In the same year, it also presented its research findings on ACE-031 from phase 1 “Multiple ascending dose study in healthy volunteers.
Recent job openings
http://www.acceleronpharma.com/our-company/careers/ .. Says
We are seeking talented and passionate individuals who thrive in a dynamic, fast-paced, team-oriented and collaborative environment to be part of our company. The people at Acceleron have been and will continue to be the key to our success.
Acceleron Pharma is an equal opportunity employer.
Acceleron provides a comprehensive benefit program for all eligible employees who work at least 30 hours per week. Our benefit program is specifically designed to meet the needs of our employees and their families now and in the future.
Cultural background of an individual has nothing to do with the recruitment process of this firm. The main qualification should be talent, hard work and individuals should have an analytical mind to be a part of Acceleron pharmaceuticals.
This company laid its foundation in the year 2003 and has been growing ever since. The expert research scientists of this firm regulate the transforming growth factor beta (TGF – beta) that belongs to the super family of proteins into medications. This has been widely used in the treatment of blood diseases and cancer. TGF – beta plays a fundamental role in growth and repair of blood vessels, blood cells and bone tissues.
The headquarters of Acceleron Pharmaceuticals is based in Cambridge, United States. The firm has been a receiver of several awards for making a valuable contribution in the area of pharmaceuticals.
Popular biotech products
Acceleron pharmaceuticals have hands on expertise in manufacturing drugs for those diseases for which no therapies have yet been approved. In addition, the drugs manufactured by this company have also proved to be useful when it is given in addition to other drugs for treatment of specific diseases.
The firm has 3 branches of biologic therapies. The therapies along with their uses in diseases are listed below:
1. Sotatercept that has been used for treating disease conditions such as β-Thalessemia, chronic kidney disease, myelodisplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma, diamond – blackfan anemia and myeofibrosis.
2. ACE-536 has been indicated in disease conditions such as β-Thalessemia and myelodisplastic syndrome.
3. Dalantercept is used in treatment for cancers of the head and neck, renal cell carcinoma, endometrial and ovarian cancer.
Latest discoveries
The year 2013, has been an eventful year for Acceleron pharmaceuticals.
• The company received approval from The Food and Drug Administration on the drug ACE-536 for treatment of rare blood diseases.
• In the same year, it initiated its phase 2 study for the drug ACE-356 for treating patients with β-thalessemia. The drug ACE-356 is also being tested for its efficacy in treating anemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome.
• It also began its clinical trial for dalantercept for treating patients with ovarian cancer.
Recent company takeovers
Acceleron pharmaceuticals has partnered with several corporate firms which are pioneers in their own fields. It has made collaborations with biopharmaceutical companies to extend its research on products that can be used for treating several life threatening disease conditions such as cancers and anemia.
In the year 2010, Acceleron pharmaceutical joined hands with Shire at $498 million for the drug ACE-031 and other molecules.
This firm has received about $225 million in company collaborations. The joint collaborations will help them expand and discover new products. The collaborations will also help in conducting clinical trials for the newly discovered products.
In the year 2011, Acceleron pharmaceuticals shook hands with Celgene Corporation for the ACE-536 program. The basic aim of the joint collaboration was to develop new products for eradicating anemia throughout the nation. It was also decided that Celenge will pay an amount of $25 million as an upfront payment for developing and commercialization of ACE-536.
Corporate news
Acceleron pharmaceuticals have recently registered for public offering of stock that could move up to $74.8 billion. The company however, is yet to decide on the number of stocks and the price for each offering.
In the year 2012, the company lost about $32.6 million on revenues of about $15.3 million. It has also been said that the Citigroup and Leerinck Swann LLC will have a joint collaboration with Acceleron pharmaceutical in this offering.
Towards the end of the year 2011, Acceleron secures about $30M private financing.
Acceleron has bagged several local and national awards for its outstanding performance towards research and development of pharmaceuticals for the health of the public at large. It has received the Boston Business Journal award in the year 2009, Fierce Biotech Winner, The Wall Street Journal Award and Team Massachusetts Economic Impact Awards.
Work culture
The work culture of Acceleron pharmaceuticals is very professional yet friendly. This firm believes in team and collaborative work and is forever striving hard to take research to new heights. Discovery of new products for treating life threatening disease conditions is the main motto of this firm. The individuals at Acceleron are hard working and conduct all clinical trials with perfection. The two main factors for the success of this firm are team work and the nature of team work.
Interesting events
Acceleron pharmaceuticals has been a part of several interesting events in the past. In the current year also, it took part in the 31st Annual J. P. Morgan Healthcare conference. In the past years too, the firm participated in several conferences and international meets for presenting their clinical findings as well as being at par with the upcoming events. Some of the important events have been summarized as below:
• In the year 2012, Acceleron along with its partners presented data on the “potential biomarkers for metastatic breast cancer and head and neck cancer” at the conference on 2012 markers in cancer.
• In the year 2011, Acceleron presented its data on “Anabolic bone effects of ACE-661” at an international meet.
• In the year 2010, it presented findings of its preliminary research on ACE-031 from Phase 1 of “First- in human clinical trial” at the 22nd EORTC-NCI-AACR symposium. In the same year, it also presented its research findings on ACE-031 from phase 1 “Multiple ascending dose study in healthy volunteers.
Recent job openings
http://www.acceleronpharma.com/our-company/careers/ .. Says
We are seeking talented and passionate individuals who thrive in a dynamic, fast-paced, team-oriented and collaborative environment to be part of our company. The people at Acceleron have been and will continue to be the key to our success.
Acceleron Pharma is an equal opportunity employer.
Acceleron provides a comprehensive benefit program for all eligible employees who work at least 30 hours per week. Our benefit program is specifically designed to meet the needs of our employees and their families now and in the future.
Cultural background of an individual has nothing to do with the recruitment process of this firm. The main qualification should be talent, hard work and individuals should have an analytical mind to be a part of Acceleron pharmaceuticals.
by Administrator at 08-10-2013, 07:06 PM
0 comments
This thread contains a list of all biotechnology colleges for which information has been added on our forum.
Australia
Canada
India
Serbia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
USA
United Kingdom
Australia
Canada
India
- Institute of Applied Medicine and Research (IAMR), Ghaziabad
- Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni
- Jaypee University of Information Technology (JUIT)
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
Serbia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
USA
- Brigham Young University
- Creighton University
- Florida State University
- Iowa State University
- Johns Hopkins University
- Loyola University Chicago
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology -MIT
- Michigan State University
- Northwestern University
- Oregon State University - OSU
- Purdue University
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Tulane University
- University of California Riverside
- University of California, San Diego
- University of Chicago
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign
- University of Michigan
- University of South Carolina
- University of South Florida
- Washington University - St. Louis
- Yale University
United Kingdom
by sale0303 at 08-10-2013, 05:21 AM
0 comments
Mission and Vision:
The Center for Biotechnology in Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Maharashtra was established in year 2000 with the prime motive of facilitating the commencement of young students in medical biotechnology, by imparting them with superior education and efficiently training them to pave through a research career or get recruited in relevant industries or hone their medical skills for transforming them into an emerging successful entrepreneur. The Center of Biotechnology was approved by UGC on 31st May 2005 by the Ministry of HRD. It is a deemed University.
Courses Offered:
B.Sc+M.Sc Medical Biotechnology Integrated Program
- 10 Semesters (3+2 years)
- Intake Capacity : 30
- CET (Common Entrance Test ) - during Month of April.
- Commencement of Course - 1st August.
Masters Programme in Medical Biotechnology
- Two years degree program.
- Intake Capacity : 30
- Prerequisites: Candidate should be passed B.Sc, B.Pharm, M.B.B.S of statutory University. Admission will be given on basis of merit of qualifying examination.
- All India Entrance Test - During June.
- Commencement of Course - During August.
EXISTING R & D WORK
- Human macrophage differentiation and T cell dichotomy
- Mechanisms of action of antiviral biologicals
Incharge Director:
Dr. Kamble Suresh Pandurang
PhD
Address:
PMT Campus, Loni, India
Tel (O): +91-2422–271350
Tel ®: +91-9970451526
Fax: +91-2422–273442
Email: director.cbt@pmtpims.org
The Center aims at providing impetus to the activities of education and knowledge acquisition among students and the technical know-how related to the field of biotechnology. It is dedicated towards productively combining the thrill of innovations and stern academic studies. Today, it stands desirous of serving as India’s premier institute. The Center is visualizing on interdepartmental laboratories, centers and multidisciplinary programs based on strong research bases. It is dedicated towards becoming a sacred temple of science disseminating knowledge, wisdom and intelligence.
The 2 years degree program trains candidates in varied skills of research methodologies, problem recognition, problem solving capabilities and critical evaluation in the current and advance art of biotechnology. Candidates would gain hands on experience on handling commonly used experimental protocols in genetics, molecular biology and nucleic acid chemistry. They will also gain the experience of independent designing, observing, executing and interpreting results of experiments in order to build a hypothesis.
Faculties and Syllabus
The faculties are well trained and possess exceptional skills for conducting researches and providing interdisciplinary training in elemental areas at the forecourt of medical biotechnology. They are adept in cultivating in proper research environments that would foster the expansions of local as well as national biotechnology industries.
The syllabus exclusively covers all the latest developments in medical biotechnology arenas. It has been specifically designed grounded on market needs wherein the employability and grooming students for developing key entrepreneur skills are kept to be the prime objectives. Healthy interaction in between industry and academia is their basic motto. Additionally, contract researches are also undertaken. For proper mentoring of students, the center has some exceptional laboratories and state-of-art equipments that include
- General laboratory for biochemistry studies and microbiology.
- Critical laboratory for genetic engineering studies and molecular biology.
-Bioinformatics laboratory- holds complete software package for partial protein characterization, sequence comparison, restriction enzyme site identification and primer design.
- Tissue culture laboratory promoting in vitro studies.
Eligibility Criteria and Mode of Admission
Candidates subjective to following criteria are eligible for masters program
1. Should be medically fit
2. Must have passed one of the qualifying examinations mentioned below from a recognized Indian university holding a minimum of 50% marks.
- Bachelor degree in a Science stream with Biotechnology/Biochemistry/ Chemistry/ Microbiology/ LifeSciences
- B.Sc. Agri Biotechnology.
- BAMS/ BHMS/ BUMS/ B.Pharm
Admissions are purely based on marks obtained in B.Sc or any other equivalent examinations from a recognized university. The course fees are Rs 75000 per year and the course duration is for 2 years. The total intake capacity has been kept at 30 for both undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Admission forms with prospectus are available at Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences office for a payment of Rs 300. You can also download it from the official website, fill in necessary details and submit along with a DD of Rs 300.
For all undergraduate and postgraduate programs, admissions would be conducted on basis of performances in All India Entrance Test conducted by the PIMS University. The Admission Committee is solely responsible for conducting the entrance test, declaring the merit list and results and final admission and counseling.
For BSc+ MSc integrated program in medical biotechnology, undergraduate course, following prerequisites are a must
- Candidates must be of minimum 17 years as on or before December 31st.
- Candidates should have passed 12th examination from any recognized board with Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English or Mathematics in a single attempt and should not have secured less than 50 percentage marks.
- Admission would be purely on the basis of merit in the qualifying examination.
Infrastructure Details
The unitary hospital and college campus is built on 120 acres of land with room for further expansion. The administrative block of the biotechnology college stands on 19315 square feet surrounded by lawns and greeneries. Its central library, ventilated and well lighted can accommodate 350 students at a time. With 427 biotechnology books, 250 annual subscription journals, online information databases, medline CDs, photocopy and Xerox facilities, the library is uniquely spectacular. Furthermore, the center has a mini auditorium, 4 examination halls, audio visual section and center photographic section. Well equipped independent central workshops are laboratories support quality learning and greater perspectives for advanced research. Hostel facilities are also provided for girls and boys within the campus along with other standard facilities and security.
In order to realize the most suitable, strengthening and encouraging fundamental research environment for students, the university has created a modern and fully equipped animal house in accordance with CPCSEA guidelines, which is the first of its kind in rural India. Centrally air conditioned, entirely sterile and humidified, the house can accommodate a minimum of 100 mammalians and 100 rodents. It is also equipped with clinical and experimental laboratory, operation theatre, sick rooms, separate breeding rooms and quarantine rooms. Animals are housed in separate rooms, species wise in polycarbonate cages with exceptional facilities of automatic feeding, abundant supply of sterile water proper drainage systems.
Research and Development
Existing research programs are being conducted on the following broad areas:
- Mechanism of action of antiviral biologicals.
- T cell dichotomy and human macrophage differentiation.
Future research projects would be based on design and development of novelty biological drugs. The center would actively engage in identifying therapeutic cytokines, modifying action of existing cytokines and development of antagonist to cytokines. Additionally, cytokines in form of diagnostic tools would also be investigated.
Apart from it, the center would also conduct:
- Screening, identification of demarcation of bioactive molecules from medicinal and herbal plants and marine fauna and flora, specifically anticancer, immuno- modulatory and antiviral molecules.
- Development of probiotics.
The University is truly unique in many ways. The society serves it as a center of excellence on meaningful medical education, research and health care. The trust has received several accolades for its pioneering work. It provides great opportunities for meritorious students to transform into need based and appropriated health providers in any environment.
The Center for Biotechnology in Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Maharashtra was established in year 2000 with the prime motive of facilitating the commencement of young students in medical biotechnology, by imparting them with superior education and efficiently training them to pave through a research career or get recruited in relevant industries or hone their medical skills for transforming them into an emerging successful entrepreneur. The Center of Biotechnology was approved by UGC on 31st May 2005 by the Ministry of HRD. It is a deemed University.
Courses Offered:
B.Sc+M.Sc Medical Biotechnology Integrated Program
- 10 Semesters (3+2 years)
- Intake Capacity : 30
- CET (Common Entrance Test ) - during Month of April.
- Commencement of Course - 1st August.
Masters Programme in Medical Biotechnology
- Two years degree program.
- Intake Capacity : 30
- Prerequisites: Candidate should be passed B.Sc, B.Pharm, M.B.B.S of statutory University. Admission will be given on basis of merit of qualifying examination.
- All India Entrance Test - During June.
- Commencement of Course - During August.
EXISTING R & D WORK
- Human macrophage differentiation and T cell dichotomy
- Mechanisms of action of antiviral biologicals
Incharge Director:
Dr. Kamble Suresh Pandurang
PhD
Address:
PMT Campus, Loni, India
Tel (O): +91-2422–271350
Tel ®: +91-9970451526
Fax: +91-2422–273442
Email: director.cbt@pmtpims.org
The Center aims at providing impetus to the activities of education and knowledge acquisition among students and the technical know-how related to the field of biotechnology. It is dedicated towards productively combining the thrill of innovations and stern academic studies. Today, it stands desirous of serving as India’s premier institute. The Center is visualizing on interdepartmental laboratories, centers and multidisciplinary programs based on strong research bases. It is dedicated towards becoming a sacred temple of science disseminating knowledge, wisdom and intelligence.
The 2 years degree program trains candidates in varied skills of research methodologies, problem recognition, problem solving capabilities and critical evaluation in the current and advance art of biotechnology. Candidates would gain hands on experience on handling commonly used experimental protocols in genetics, molecular biology and nucleic acid chemistry. They will also gain the experience of independent designing, observing, executing and interpreting results of experiments in order to build a hypothesis.
Faculties and Syllabus
The faculties are well trained and possess exceptional skills for conducting researches and providing interdisciplinary training in elemental areas at the forecourt of medical biotechnology. They are adept in cultivating in proper research environments that would foster the expansions of local as well as national biotechnology industries.
The syllabus exclusively covers all the latest developments in medical biotechnology arenas. It has been specifically designed grounded on market needs wherein the employability and grooming students for developing key entrepreneur skills are kept to be the prime objectives. Healthy interaction in between industry and academia is their basic motto. Additionally, contract researches are also undertaken. For proper mentoring of students, the center has some exceptional laboratories and state-of-art equipments that include
- General laboratory for biochemistry studies and microbiology.
- Critical laboratory for genetic engineering studies and molecular biology.
-Bioinformatics laboratory- holds complete software package for partial protein characterization, sequence comparison, restriction enzyme site identification and primer design.
- Tissue culture laboratory promoting in vitro studies.
Eligibility Criteria and Mode of Admission
Candidates subjective to following criteria are eligible for masters program
1. Should be medically fit
2. Must have passed one of the qualifying examinations mentioned below from a recognized Indian university holding a minimum of 50% marks.
- Bachelor degree in a Science stream with Biotechnology/Biochemistry/ Chemistry/ Microbiology/ LifeSciences
- B.Sc. Agri Biotechnology.
- BAMS/ BHMS/ BUMS/ B.Pharm
Admissions are purely based on marks obtained in B.Sc or any other equivalent examinations from a recognized university. The course fees are Rs 75000 per year and the course duration is for 2 years. The total intake capacity has been kept at 30 for both undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Admission forms with prospectus are available at Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences office for a payment of Rs 300. You can also download it from the official website, fill in necessary details and submit along with a DD of Rs 300.
For all undergraduate and postgraduate programs, admissions would be conducted on basis of performances in All India Entrance Test conducted by the PIMS University. The Admission Committee is solely responsible for conducting the entrance test, declaring the merit list and results and final admission and counseling.
For BSc+ MSc integrated program in medical biotechnology, undergraduate course, following prerequisites are a must
- Candidates must be of minimum 17 years as on or before December 31st.
- Candidates should have passed 12th examination from any recognized board with Physics, Chemistry, Biology and English or Mathematics in a single attempt and should not have secured less than 50 percentage marks.
- Admission would be purely on the basis of merit in the qualifying examination.
Infrastructure Details
The unitary hospital and college campus is built on 120 acres of land with room for further expansion. The administrative block of the biotechnology college stands on 19315 square feet surrounded by lawns and greeneries. Its central library, ventilated and well lighted can accommodate 350 students at a time. With 427 biotechnology books, 250 annual subscription journals, online information databases, medline CDs, photocopy and Xerox facilities, the library is uniquely spectacular. Furthermore, the center has a mini auditorium, 4 examination halls, audio visual section and center photographic section. Well equipped independent central workshops are laboratories support quality learning and greater perspectives for advanced research. Hostel facilities are also provided for girls and boys within the campus along with other standard facilities and security.
In order to realize the most suitable, strengthening and encouraging fundamental research environment for students, the university has created a modern and fully equipped animal house in accordance with CPCSEA guidelines, which is the first of its kind in rural India. Centrally air conditioned, entirely sterile and humidified, the house can accommodate a minimum of 100 mammalians and 100 rodents. It is also equipped with clinical and experimental laboratory, operation theatre, sick rooms, separate breeding rooms and quarantine rooms. Animals are housed in separate rooms, species wise in polycarbonate cages with exceptional facilities of automatic feeding, abundant supply of sterile water proper drainage systems.
Research and Development
Existing research programs are being conducted on the following broad areas:
- Mechanism of action of antiviral biologicals.
- T cell dichotomy and human macrophage differentiation.
Future research projects would be based on design and development of novelty biological drugs. The center would actively engage in identifying therapeutic cytokines, modifying action of existing cytokines and development of antagonist to cytokines. Additionally, cytokines in form of diagnostic tools would also be investigated.
Apart from it, the center would also conduct:
- Screening, identification of demarcation of bioactive molecules from medicinal and herbal plants and marine fauna and flora, specifically anticancer, immuno- modulatory and antiviral molecules.
- Development of probiotics.
The University is truly unique in many ways. The society serves it as a center of excellence on meaningful medical education, research and health care. The trust has received several accolades for its pioneering work. It provides great opportunities for meritorious students to transform into need based and appropriated health providers in any environment.
by sale0303 at 08-09-2013, 01:06 AM
0 comments
Department of molecular genetics and genetic engineering.
Ranked among one of the best institutes of the world, University of Belgrade offers Masters of Science in Biotechnology to it students. The Institute is associated to International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy, as an affiliated centre and it is involved in all activities within this international organization. It is also oriented to biotechnological and commercial applications in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture, food production, and pharmaceutical industry.
![[Image: Belgrade_University_coa.png]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/37/Belgrade_University_coa.png)
History
After World War II, the overall agricultural development created the need for organizing a serious and more comprehensive educational system and the establishment of an adequate profile of staff required for food industry, which has progressed greatly to the level of European industry of that time. This led to the development of new technological disciplines of agriculture and to the establishment of classes in subjects that were required for the training of personnel in the food industry.
The first classes were introduced in the field of fruit production. In 1945, the subject called "Fruit and Vegetables Processing" and later the subject called "Processing of Grapes," were introduced and taught by Professor M. Josifovic. Two years later in 1947, prof. S. Stankovic introduced the subject called "Processing of Agricultural Products". Department of Animal Husbandry and prof. A. Ognjanovic introduced in 1956 the subject called "Technology of Animal Products", while prof. B. Stevic introduced "Technological Microbiology".
With the reorganization of the Faculty in 1973, the Institutes became independent business units, and The Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry operates since that time independently as a part of The Faculty of Agriculture. The new curriculum in the Department of Food Technology introduces five teaching groups: Fruits and Vegetables Technology, Technology of Alcoholic and Non-alcoholic beverages, Technology of Meat, Technology of Milk, and the Technology of Tobacco. By this curriculum classes are held until 1977, when the reformed plans divided students in the three constituent groups: Conservation and Fermentation Technology, Technology of Agricultural Products and Livestock Products Technology.
In year 2007, the curriculum was reformed and coordinated with the European system of education in which teaching at the undergraduate level lasts for 4 years. Master’s and doctoral studies that last 1 year, and doctoral studies that last 3 years were also introduced. Under the new curriculum all courses take one semester. For all groups at the Department of Food Technology, first 4 semesters are the same, and in the fifth semester, the students can choose one of the four teaching modules. At the undergraduate level, following teaching modules were introduced: Technology of Animal Products, Technology of Conservation and Fermentation, Harvest Technology and Safety and Quality Management in Food Production. The master program is a unique program with three elective classes. Electives 1 and 2 direct the student towards block 3, where from 16 disciplines offered students are supposed to choose the one for the master thesis. Specialist studies at the Department of Food Technology are organized in 4 modules: Technology of Plant Products, Animal Products Technology, Technological Microbiology and Food Chemistry. Doctoral studies are first introduced in the form of standard classes which take 3 semesters, while the 4, 5 and 6 semesters are reserved for research study and dissertation of the chosen topic from electoral bloc 3.
Department Food Technology and Biochemistry
Classes, Modules, and Teaching
Department of Food Technology is dedicated to the realization of high-quality academic study programs at all levels of study, the development of relevant scientific research, as well as the implementation of the acquired knowledge and skills in food technology and other related industries and society as a whole.
The main purpose of the studies is the realization of educational, professional and research goals and objectives in the field of food technology.
The type and mode of study are directed towards the strategic development of the food industry. The main purpose of the studies is education of the professionals directly involved in the various branches of the food industry (processing of raw materials of plant or animal origin).
The curriculum is primarily focused on active and creative teaching. The priority of the curriculum is the education of the staff to use their knowledge in order to contribute to improving the quality of food products, ie. food that is meant for wide population, with permanent control and quality control of these products. Through the introduction of the regulations and standards of technology, engineers can manage not only the quality of the food but also the working conditions and the environment.
In addition to solving the problems of food technology, food engineers themselves are willing to educate small processors holding their family businesses so that their production become in line with the applicable quality standards. That is why we insist on the modern teaching where the student besides lectures, exercises, and practical training, will be required to write papers, essays and actively participate in class.
Department of Food Technology at the undergraduate level has an average of 200-250 students enrolled in four educational modules.
Theoretical and practical teaching is performed in all classes. In this sense, students are educated in four teaching modules:
- Technology of Animal Products,
- Conservation and Fermentation Technology,
- Agricultural Products and Technologies
- Safety and Quality Management in Food Production.
Students can choose one of four elective courses in foreign languages. Within the core curricula, areas of expertise are specific to the above mentioned profile.
The module Technology of Animal Products teaches about: meat processing technology, milk production technology, processing of accompanying products in the meat industry, dairy technology, microbiology, and animal products quality management.
The module conservation and fermentation technology teaches about: conservation by applying cooling, heat preservation, technology of fruits and vegetables, fruit juices technology, refrigeration and freezing of food products, prepared food technology, wine technology, technology of alcoholic beverages, etc.
The module harvest technology teaches about: the rheological properties of food, technology of oil and fats, sensory analysis of products based on field materials, modification of fats and oils, toxicology of products based on raw materials, the technology of confectionery products, technologies of processing of tobacco, malt and beer technology, grain technology, the technology of flour, sugar and starch technology.
The module for security and quality of food is teaching about: basic technology of fruits and vegetables, fermentation technologies, crop products, the basics of meat technology, dairy technology basics, management and statistical quality control.
Research
Teachers of this Department have been and are right now the members of national and international associations, forensic experts, advisers, consultants, designers of many companies for fruit and vegetables, breweries, cold storage, dairy, meat processing plants, industry, baby food, etc.
In the past, the Department of Food Technology had organized many conferences where its teachers and staff had the opportunity to present the results of their scientific work and submit reports on the projects conducted with the support of the Ministry of Science of Serbia. Two major symposia were held in 1996 and in 1998, and they were attended by more than 1000 colleagues and experts in the field of food technology.
Ranked among one of the best institutes of the world, University of Belgrade offers Masters of Science in Biotechnology to it students. The Institute is associated to International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy, as an affiliated centre and it is involved in all activities within this international organization. It is also oriented to biotechnological and commercial applications in human and veterinary medicine, agriculture, food production, and pharmaceutical industry.
After World War II, the overall agricultural development created the need for organizing a serious and more comprehensive educational system and the establishment of an adequate profile of staff required for food industry, which has progressed greatly to the level of European industry of that time. This led to the development of new technological disciplines of agriculture and to the establishment of classes in subjects that were required for the training of personnel in the food industry.
The first classes were introduced in the field of fruit production. In 1945, the subject called "Fruit and Vegetables Processing" and later the subject called "Processing of Grapes," were introduced and taught by Professor M. Josifovic. Two years later in 1947, prof. S. Stankovic introduced the subject called "Processing of Agricultural Products". Department of Animal Husbandry and prof. A. Ognjanovic introduced in 1956 the subject called "Technology of Animal Products", while prof. B. Stevic introduced "Technological Microbiology".
With the reorganization of the Faculty in 1973, the Institutes became independent business units, and The Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry operates since that time independently as a part of The Faculty of Agriculture. The new curriculum in the Department of Food Technology introduces five teaching groups: Fruits and Vegetables Technology, Technology of Alcoholic and Non-alcoholic beverages, Technology of Meat, Technology of Milk, and the Technology of Tobacco. By this curriculum classes are held until 1977, when the reformed plans divided students in the three constituent groups: Conservation and Fermentation Technology, Technology of Agricultural Products and Livestock Products Technology.
In year 2007, the curriculum was reformed and coordinated with the European system of education in which teaching at the undergraduate level lasts for 4 years. Master’s and doctoral studies that last 1 year, and doctoral studies that last 3 years were also introduced. Under the new curriculum all courses take one semester. For all groups at the Department of Food Technology, first 4 semesters are the same, and in the fifth semester, the students can choose one of the four teaching modules. At the undergraduate level, following teaching modules were introduced: Technology of Animal Products, Technology of Conservation and Fermentation, Harvest Technology and Safety and Quality Management in Food Production. The master program is a unique program with three elective classes. Electives 1 and 2 direct the student towards block 3, where from 16 disciplines offered students are supposed to choose the one for the master thesis. Specialist studies at the Department of Food Technology are organized in 4 modules: Technology of Plant Products, Animal Products Technology, Technological Microbiology and Food Chemistry. Doctoral studies are first introduced in the form of standard classes which take 3 semesters, while the 4, 5 and 6 semesters are reserved for research study and dissertation of the chosen topic from electoral bloc 3.
Department Food Technology and Biochemistry
Classes, Modules, and Teaching
Department of Food Technology is dedicated to the realization of high-quality academic study programs at all levels of study, the development of relevant scientific research, as well as the implementation of the acquired knowledge and skills in food technology and other related industries and society as a whole.
The main purpose of the studies is the realization of educational, professional and research goals and objectives in the field of food technology.
The type and mode of study are directed towards the strategic development of the food industry. The main purpose of the studies is education of the professionals directly involved in the various branches of the food industry (processing of raw materials of plant or animal origin).
The curriculum is primarily focused on active and creative teaching. The priority of the curriculum is the education of the staff to use their knowledge in order to contribute to improving the quality of food products, ie. food that is meant for wide population, with permanent control and quality control of these products. Through the introduction of the regulations and standards of technology, engineers can manage not only the quality of the food but also the working conditions and the environment.
In addition to solving the problems of food technology, food engineers themselves are willing to educate small processors holding their family businesses so that their production become in line with the applicable quality standards. That is why we insist on the modern teaching where the student besides lectures, exercises, and practical training, will be required to write papers, essays and actively participate in class.
Department of Food Technology at the undergraduate level has an average of 200-250 students enrolled in four educational modules.
Theoretical and practical teaching is performed in all classes. In this sense, students are educated in four teaching modules:
- Technology of Animal Products,
- Conservation and Fermentation Technology,
- Agricultural Products and Technologies
- Safety and Quality Management in Food Production.
Students can choose one of four elective courses in foreign languages. Within the core curricula, areas of expertise are specific to the above mentioned profile.
The module Technology of Animal Products teaches about: meat processing technology, milk production technology, processing of accompanying products in the meat industry, dairy technology, microbiology, and animal products quality management.
The module conservation and fermentation technology teaches about: conservation by applying cooling, heat preservation, technology of fruits and vegetables, fruit juices technology, refrigeration and freezing of food products, prepared food technology, wine technology, technology of alcoholic beverages, etc.
The module harvest technology teaches about: the rheological properties of food, technology of oil and fats, sensory analysis of products based on field materials, modification of fats and oils, toxicology of products based on raw materials, the technology of confectionery products, technologies of processing of tobacco, malt and beer technology, grain technology, the technology of flour, sugar and starch technology.
The module for security and quality of food is teaching about: basic technology of fruits and vegetables, fermentation technologies, crop products, the basics of meat technology, dairy technology basics, management and statistical quality control.
Research
Teachers of this Department have been and are right now the members of national and international associations, forensic experts, advisers, consultants, designers of many companies for fruit and vegetables, breweries, cold storage, dairy, meat processing plants, industry, baby food, etc.
In the past, the Department of Food Technology had organized many conferences where its teachers and staff had the opportunity to present the results of their scientific work and submit reports on the projects conducted with the support of the Ministry of Science of Serbia. Two major symposia were held in 1996 and in 1998, and they were attended by more than 1000 colleagues and experts in the field of food technology.
by Aparna0305 at 08-08-2013, 03:31 AM
0 comments
Gilead sciences is a pharmaceutical firm aimed at discovering, developing and manufacturing therapeutic medicines. Gilead sciences develops medications for individuals with life threatening diseases. The company primarily develops drugs for treating deadly viral infections such as HIV infection, influenza and hepatitis B. It also develops effective medications against severe respiratory disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancer and inflammation.
Gilead sciences major innovation in the area of drugs includes the first of its kind pill for HIV infected patients. This pill needs to be taken just once a day and to add to it, this is the first antiviral drug that is taken orally. This pill also has a protective effective against HIV infection in individuals of high risk groups.
Gilead sciences is a members of the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index and the S&P 500. The name of this company is coined from Balm of Gilead.
Popular biotech products
Its popular biotech products for HIV / AIDS include Atripla, Complera, Emtriva, Stribild, Truvada and Viread. It also manufactures medicines for combating liver diseases that includes Hepsera and Viread. Gilead Sciences also has hands on expertise for treating cardiovascular diseases such as Letairis, Lexiscan injection and Ranexa. Medications for treating respiratory infections include Cayston and Tamiflu. It also produces injections such as AmBisome, Macugen and Vistide.
Latest discoveries
Gilead sciences is constantly coming up with latest pharmaceutical innovations. Of late one of its discoveries consisted of releasing an oral antiviral agent (GS 4104) that is effective against multiple strains of influenza virus. This drug arrests the viral growth and inhibits its multiplication. So far, only very few treatments were available for treating influenza until the researchers at Gilead sciences introduced the first ever oral antiviral drug.
This drug contains active ingredients of carboxylic compounds that work by inhibiting the enzyme known as neuraminidase which is essential for the viral growth. When the drug GS 4104 was administered in mice it showed 100% survival rates with no toxicity. This drug was also found to be beneficial against several viral strains of influenza A and B.
Recent company takeovers
With each passing year something new happens at Gilead sciences. This company has been awarded by “Fortune” for the Fastest growing companies.
• In the year 2006, Gilead sciences took over 2 pharmaceutical companies that manufactured drugs for treating diseases related to the pulmonary system. By the end of 2009, this company had 4000 employees employed on full – time basis.
• In the year 2007 it merged with Nycomed fr. Atlanta – Cork at $47 million.
• The year 2009 witnessed the merger of Gilead sciences and CV Therapeutics at $1.4 million. This merger opened new doors for the firm as it entered into the area of cardiac care.
• In the year 2010, Gilead sciences took over 2 companies - GCI Pharmaceuticals and Arresto Biosciences at $120 million and $225 million respectively. This helped the firm further widen its areas of kinase biology and chemistry. Acquisition with Arresto Biosciences made way for further research in the area of cancer and fibrotic diseases.
• In 2011 Gilead sciences merged with Calistoga Pharmaceuticals and Pharma, Inc. at $10.4 billion. This merger set new heights for the firm and it took lead in HCV with 7977 Sofsbuvir.
• This year, Gilead sciences and YM Bioscinecs, Inc joined hands at $510 million. With this acquisition, the CYT387 was developed with JAK1 and JAK 2 enzymes. The development of these enzymes made positive impact on the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases, certain types of cancers and inflammatory disorders.
Recent corporate news
Total revenues for Gilead Sciences, Inc. increased by 15% in the second quarter of 2013. The revenues of the company rose from $2.41 billion to $2.77. As per NASDAQ news Gilead Sciences, Inc. shares are trading at $61.75, which is lower by 0.4%. It opened at $61.89 and fell by 0.25 to close at $61.75.
As a company Gilead Sciences Inc., is focused on research. This is a biopharmaceutical company which is focused on HIV related research and also on diseased related to liver which includes Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and also cardiovascular diseases. There is significant amount of research done on diseases related to respiratory conditions.
The growth of the company in the second quarter of the current year is driven by sales efforts in antiviral franchise. The antiviral product sales increased by nearly 15% in this quarter. With the increase in revenue the research and development expenses have also increased, as this is the focus area of the company.
Work culture
The work environment and working culture of Gilead sciences is awesome. One has to see it and experience it to believe it. The employees of this firm are hard-working and leave no stone unturned and strive to deliver the best services to the public. The researchers conduct research to the best of their abilities and churn out wonder drugs for chronic and life threatening illness. This company believes in working together to achieve the best. The core values consist of Integrity, teamwork, accountability and excellence.
Gilead sciences is a store house of intellectual employees expert in the fields of biotechnology and medicine.
Interesting events
The most important upcoming event in the near future is European Society of Cardiology Congress 2013 scheduled on august 31 - September 4 at Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Recent job openings - www.gilead.com/careers/
Gilead sciences is forever on the lookout for new individuals who would carry their mission to greater heights. Cultural background has nothing to do with your portfolio as long as you are qualified and passionate enough to help Gilead Sciences jump to the next level. Job openings are available and interested candidates need to drop their resume either on our website or send emails to the concerned authority at Gilead.
Gilead sciences major innovation in the area of drugs includes the first of its kind pill for HIV infected patients. This pill needs to be taken just once a day and to add to it, this is the first antiviral drug that is taken orally. This pill also has a protective effective against HIV infection in individuals of high risk groups.
Gilead sciences is a members of the NASDAQ Biotechnology Index and the S&P 500. The name of this company is coined from Balm of Gilead.
Popular biotech products
Its popular biotech products for HIV / AIDS include Atripla, Complera, Emtriva, Stribild, Truvada and Viread. It also manufactures medicines for combating liver diseases that includes Hepsera and Viread. Gilead Sciences also has hands on expertise for treating cardiovascular diseases such as Letairis, Lexiscan injection and Ranexa. Medications for treating respiratory infections include Cayston and Tamiflu. It also produces injections such as AmBisome, Macugen and Vistide.
Latest discoveries
Gilead sciences is constantly coming up with latest pharmaceutical innovations. Of late one of its discoveries consisted of releasing an oral antiviral agent (GS 4104) that is effective against multiple strains of influenza virus. This drug arrests the viral growth and inhibits its multiplication. So far, only very few treatments were available for treating influenza until the researchers at Gilead sciences introduced the first ever oral antiviral drug.
This drug contains active ingredients of carboxylic compounds that work by inhibiting the enzyme known as neuraminidase which is essential for the viral growth. When the drug GS 4104 was administered in mice it showed 100% survival rates with no toxicity. This drug was also found to be beneficial against several viral strains of influenza A and B.
Recent company takeovers
With each passing year something new happens at Gilead sciences. This company has been awarded by “Fortune” for the Fastest growing companies.
• In the year 2006, Gilead sciences took over 2 pharmaceutical companies that manufactured drugs for treating diseases related to the pulmonary system. By the end of 2009, this company had 4000 employees employed on full – time basis.
• In the year 2007 it merged with Nycomed fr. Atlanta – Cork at $47 million.
• The year 2009 witnessed the merger of Gilead sciences and CV Therapeutics at $1.4 million. This merger opened new doors for the firm as it entered into the area of cardiac care.
• In the year 2010, Gilead sciences took over 2 companies - GCI Pharmaceuticals and Arresto Biosciences at $120 million and $225 million respectively. This helped the firm further widen its areas of kinase biology and chemistry. Acquisition with Arresto Biosciences made way for further research in the area of cancer and fibrotic diseases.
• In 2011 Gilead sciences merged with Calistoga Pharmaceuticals and Pharma, Inc. at $10.4 billion. This merger set new heights for the firm and it took lead in HCV with 7977 Sofsbuvir.
• This year, Gilead sciences and YM Bioscinecs, Inc joined hands at $510 million. With this acquisition, the CYT387 was developed with JAK1 and JAK 2 enzymes. The development of these enzymes made positive impact on the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases, certain types of cancers and inflammatory disorders.
Recent corporate news
Total revenues for Gilead Sciences, Inc. increased by 15% in the second quarter of 2013. The revenues of the company rose from $2.41 billion to $2.77. As per NASDAQ news Gilead Sciences, Inc. shares are trading at $61.75, which is lower by 0.4%. It opened at $61.89 and fell by 0.25 to close at $61.75.
As a company Gilead Sciences Inc., is focused on research. This is a biopharmaceutical company which is focused on HIV related research and also on diseased related to liver which includes Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and also cardiovascular diseases. There is significant amount of research done on diseases related to respiratory conditions.
The growth of the company in the second quarter of the current year is driven by sales efforts in antiviral franchise. The antiviral product sales increased by nearly 15% in this quarter. With the increase in revenue the research and development expenses have also increased, as this is the focus area of the company.
Work culture
The work environment and working culture of Gilead sciences is awesome. One has to see it and experience it to believe it. The employees of this firm are hard-working and leave no stone unturned and strive to deliver the best services to the public. The researchers conduct research to the best of their abilities and churn out wonder drugs for chronic and life threatening illness. This company believes in working together to achieve the best. The core values consist of Integrity, teamwork, accountability and excellence.
Gilead sciences is a store house of intellectual employees expert in the fields of biotechnology and medicine.
Interesting events
The most important upcoming event in the near future is European Society of Cardiology Congress 2013 scheduled on august 31 - September 4 at Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Recent job openings - www.gilead.com/careers/
Gilead sciences is forever on the lookout for new individuals who would carry their mission to greater heights. Cultural background has nothing to do with your portfolio as long as you are qualified and passionate enough to help Gilead Sciences jump to the next level. Job openings are available and interested candidates need to drop their resume either on our website or send emails to the concerned authority at Gilead.
by Aparna0305 at 08-08-2013, 03:21 AM
1 comments
Abbott laboratories is a global company based in America that deals with pharmaceuticals and health care products. A physician from Chicago Wallace Calvin Abbott was the founder of this company which came into existence in the year 1888. It has its headquarters in North Chicago Illinois and Abbott Park. Abbott laboratories is a home for over 90,000 employees and has offices in more than 130 countries across the globe. In the year 2010, Abbott laboratories had more than $35 billion in revenue.
The company has developed several immunodiagnostic instruments and tests for diagnosing disease conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, drug abuse, pregnancy and fertility.
It also has hands on expertise in the field of hematology enabling better monitoring of diseases and its associated treatments. With its new innovations in the area of molecular diagnostics the detection and monitoring of disease conditions such as lung and breast cancers, HIV infection and bone marrow transplants have become possible.
Abbott laboratories have gained the topmost position in pediatric nutrition. Its products have helped the babies born pre-maturely gain weight. It gives the ideal nutritional supplement for babies and their mothers and it also manufactures special food products for babies with food intolerances.
Popular biotech products
This company has a diverse range of products ranging from pharmaceutical drugs to ophthalmology to nutrition. Not a single area of health care remains untouched. The following is a list of products developed by Abbott Laboratories.
• Diagnostic products include Architect Abbott prism, cell-DYN emerald, Cell-DYN ruby and Cell-DYN sapphire in hematology. In the area of molecular diagnostics the products developed by this firm include Abbott m2000, Abbott realtime, vysis ALK Fish, path vysion and viroseq.
• With the Abbott diabetes diagnostic tests kits for managing diabetes is now easy. This test kit yields faster results and requires small amount blood as sample. This test kit can be used at home and even in hospitals.
• Abbott laboratories also develop cataract products, products pertaining to refractive eye surgery and corneal products.
• Nutritional supplements for babies, mothers and adults. It also develops supplements for individuals with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, kidney disorders, celiac diseases and bone disorders such as osteoporosis.
• Antibiotics and drugs for cardiovascular diseases, gastroenterology, metabolic disorders and woman's health.
Latest discoveries
The year 2013 witnessed the division of Abbott laboratories into 2 groups: Abbott and Abbvie. The division was made so that the pharmaceutical and research groups can be divided. It was done to ensure that both the areas can prosper and develop better products for the world. The following is a list of some of the pharmaceutical products developed by Abbvie.
• Aluvia
• Calcijex
• Duodopa
• Ethrane
• Forane
• Gengraf
• Levophed
• Lupron
• Mivacron
• Norvir
• Prometrium
• Sevorane
• Ultane
• Simdax
• Tridione
• Vicodine
• Vicoprofen
• Zemplar
Recent company takeovers
Abbott laboratories is achieving greater heights with each passing year. In the year 2010, the company took over Solvays SA’s pharmaceuticals unit (Press). In the same year, the firm announced that it would take over the branded generics division of Piramal healthcare, an Indian pharmaceutical company at $3.7 billion.
Recent corporate news
Abbott laboratories is a Fortune 200 company with more than 90, 000 people employed worldwide. The primary focus and diversification is in healthcare. Fortune has also ranked Abbott as one of the most admired companies. In more than 25 countries it has been ranked as a top employer. The firm has been awarded the Galen prize for innovation in patient care.
Abbott laboratories is facing tough competition in the market from the generic drug manufacturers. The products of Abbott Labs can be broadly classified under three divisions - pharmaceutical, nutritional and medical. Though medical and nutritional products have constantly been in demand, pharmaceutical has remained the major earner. In 2010, revenue from Pharmaceutical products alone was $19.9 billion, which was 56.6% of the total revenue. For nutritional products it was $5.5 billion, which was 15.7% of the total revenue. For diagnostics it was $3.8 billion, which was 10.8% of the total revenue for 2010. Vascular products business stood at $3.8 billion and revenues from research and development was $3.7 billion in 2010.
Piramal Healthcare is a leading drug care manufacturer company in India. Its' branded generic business has been acquired by Abbott Labs in 2010.
In the second quarter of 2013 the total stock issuance of Abbott Laboratories has come down by 0.96% to 36.10.
Work culture
The employers have a great future at Abbott laboratories and do their best to deliver world class products and services in health care. The employers and the company quickly adapt to the changing needs in healthcare and pharma. The best part is the employers come in with a new zeal each morning to achieve something different and constructive for the world at large.
The working environment in this firm is friendly and full of energy. Tasks allotted are finished in time and the employers are never overloaded with work. The employees are well aware of their responsibilities and never fail to meet deadlines.
Interesting events
Abbott laboratories have released High sensitive troponin – I assay that promises to detect risks of occurrence of heart attack at least 30 days before time. The firm has also been granted clearance by the FDA for the Freestyle Precision Pro Blood Glucose and beta-Ketone Monitoring System.
Recent job openings - http://www.abbott.com/careers.htm
Abbott laboratories always welcome new and aspiring individuals who wish to do something for the world and take the firm to greater heights. Interested candidates can drop in their resume and if they are shortlisted can expect a call from the recruiters. The candidates will be called for interview for further selection process. In case you receive an appointment letter, the individuals will be given details about the compensation package and additional benefits from the firm. This is informed to all the selected candidates so that they can make their decisions accordingly. The candidates are asked to visit the Abbott website to look for recruitment details and stuff like that.
The company has developed several immunodiagnostic instruments and tests for diagnosing disease conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, drug abuse, pregnancy and fertility.
It also has hands on expertise in the field of hematology enabling better monitoring of diseases and its associated treatments. With its new innovations in the area of molecular diagnostics the detection and monitoring of disease conditions such as lung and breast cancers, HIV infection and bone marrow transplants have become possible.
Abbott laboratories have gained the topmost position in pediatric nutrition. Its products have helped the babies born pre-maturely gain weight. It gives the ideal nutritional supplement for babies and their mothers and it also manufactures special food products for babies with food intolerances.
Popular biotech products
This company has a diverse range of products ranging from pharmaceutical drugs to ophthalmology to nutrition. Not a single area of health care remains untouched. The following is a list of products developed by Abbott Laboratories.
• Diagnostic products include Architect Abbott prism, cell-DYN emerald, Cell-DYN ruby and Cell-DYN sapphire in hematology. In the area of molecular diagnostics the products developed by this firm include Abbott m2000, Abbott realtime, vysis ALK Fish, path vysion and viroseq.
• With the Abbott diabetes diagnostic tests kits for managing diabetes is now easy. This test kit yields faster results and requires small amount blood as sample. This test kit can be used at home and even in hospitals.
• Abbott laboratories also develop cataract products, products pertaining to refractive eye surgery and corneal products.
• Nutritional supplements for babies, mothers and adults. It also develops supplements for individuals with diseases such as cancer, diabetes, kidney disorders, celiac diseases and bone disorders such as osteoporosis.
• Antibiotics and drugs for cardiovascular diseases, gastroenterology, metabolic disorders and woman's health.
Latest discoveries
The year 2013 witnessed the division of Abbott laboratories into 2 groups: Abbott and Abbvie. The division was made so that the pharmaceutical and research groups can be divided. It was done to ensure that both the areas can prosper and develop better products for the world. The following is a list of some of the pharmaceutical products developed by Abbvie.
• Aluvia
• Calcijex
• Duodopa
• Ethrane
• Forane
• Gengraf
• Levophed
• Lupron
• Mivacron
• Norvir
• Prometrium
• Sevorane
• Ultane
• Simdax
• Tridione
• Vicodine
• Vicoprofen
• Zemplar
Recent company takeovers
Abbott laboratories is achieving greater heights with each passing year. In the year 2010, the company took over Solvays SA’s pharmaceuticals unit (Press). In the same year, the firm announced that it would take over the branded generics division of Piramal healthcare, an Indian pharmaceutical company at $3.7 billion.
Recent corporate news
Abbott laboratories is a Fortune 200 company with more than 90, 000 people employed worldwide. The primary focus and diversification is in healthcare. Fortune has also ranked Abbott as one of the most admired companies. In more than 25 countries it has been ranked as a top employer. The firm has been awarded the Galen prize for innovation in patient care.
Abbott laboratories is facing tough competition in the market from the generic drug manufacturers. The products of Abbott Labs can be broadly classified under three divisions - pharmaceutical, nutritional and medical. Though medical and nutritional products have constantly been in demand, pharmaceutical has remained the major earner. In 2010, revenue from Pharmaceutical products alone was $19.9 billion, which was 56.6% of the total revenue. For nutritional products it was $5.5 billion, which was 15.7% of the total revenue. For diagnostics it was $3.8 billion, which was 10.8% of the total revenue for 2010. Vascular products business stood at $3.8 billion and revenues from research and development was $3.7 billion in 2010.
Piramal Healthcare is a leading drug care manufacturer company in India. Its' branded generic business has been acquired by Abbott Labs in 2010.
In the second quarter of 2013 the total stock issuance of Abbott Laboratories has come down by 0.96% to 36.10.
Work culture
The employers have a great future at Abbott laboratories and do their best to deliver world class products and services in health care. The employers and the company quickly adapt to the changing needs in healthcare and pharma. The best part is the employers come in with a new zeal each morning to achieve something different and constructive for the world at large.
The working environment in this firm is friendly and full of energy. Tasks allotted are finished in time and the employers are never overloaded with work. The employees are well aware of their responsibilities and never fail to meet deadlines.
Interesting events
Abbott laboratories have released High sensitive troponin – I assay that promises to detect risks of occurrence of heart attack at least 30 days before time. The firm has also been granted clearance by the FDA for the Freestyle Precision Pro Blood Glucose and beta-Ketone Monitoring System.
Recent job openings - http://www.abbott.com/careers.htm
Abbott laboratories always welcome new and aspiring individuals who wish to do something for the world and take the firm to greater heights. Interested candidates can drop in their resume and if they are shortlisted can expect a call from the recruiters. The candidates will be called for interview for further selection process. In case you receive an appointment letter, the individuals will be given details about the compensation package and additional benefits from the firm. This is informed to all the selected candidates so that they can make their decisions accordingly. The candidates are asked to visit the Abbott website to look for recruitment details and stuff like that.
by jennyross at 08-06-2013, 10:48 PM
0 comments
A quaternary ammonium compound, cetrimide is used as a detergent and having powerful antiseptic properties, for sterilizing surgical instruments, cleaning wounds, etc.
Cetrimide is an purifying agent, means it has various antibacterial, antifungal and other antimicrobial properties and can be applied to skin that helps to avoid or reduce the risk of infection. It also acts as a surfactant that is it works as a detergent with cleaning properties. As a pharmaceutical ingredient, it is also used in various products like sprays, liquids, creams and applicable to a wide range of creams such as cleaning burns and wounds for disinfecting skin before injections or surgery. Because of its antimicrobial and detergent properties, many shampoos and conditioners also contain this antiseptic as an active ingredient.
Cetrimide is able to harm the cell membranes & destroy the cellular structure of various microorganisms that causes disease including fungi, bacteria & other single cell organisms. Hence it is used as antiseptic agent in manufacturing of medicines. However, it is not effective against all bacteria, or against spores, or viruses. It is sometimes mixed with clorhexidin, another antiseptic, when used to disinfect wounds.
In older days common antiseptics like phenol were used but Cetrimide has replaced those old types of antiseptics. Cetrimide is totally non-toxic so it can be applied to skin directly. Cetrimide is less irritating to skin compared to carbolic acid.. Due to its wide applicability cetrimide is in high demand. There are various cetrimide manufacturers all over. Many medicines & daily lotions, creams includes ceramides in various forms.
Director of Tatva chintan pharma chem says that “since its inception, the company has focused on the production of cetrimide. Cetrimide is available in different customized forms such as Cetrimide IP, Cetrimide BP, Cetrimide USP, Cetrimide EP & are processed under the surveillance of expert professionals.” Tatva chintan pharma chem pvt ltd is a well known name in manufacturing best cetrimide & its forms, Phase transfer catalysts, Bulk API, Epoxy curing catalysts, Wittig salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, Additives for powder coatings, Zeolite templates. Tatva chintan located in Ankleshwar, Gujarat is one of the trusted and leading source for Pharmaceutical & chemical products.
Cetrimide ip/bp/ep, cetrimide usp,cetrimide 40% strong solution bp, Bulk API, Phase transfer catalysts, Cetrimide|Phase Transfer Catalyst(PTC)|cetrimide USP|cetrimide cream|cetrimide test|of cetrimide|centrimide|cetrmide|Phase Transfer Catalyst|PTC|Tetraethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate|Triphenylphosphonium Chloride|phase transfer catalysts|phase transfer catalyst|phase transfer catalysis.
Cetrimide is the most commonly used chemical in pharmaceutical & chemical industry. Due to its ability of being antiseptic agent it is highly demanded in pharmaceutical & chemical companies.
Cetrimide is an purifying agent, means it has various antibacterial, antifungal and other antimicrobial properties and can be applied to skin that helps to avoid or reduce the risk of infection. It also acts as a surfactant that is it works as a detergent with cleaning properties. As a pharmaceutical ingredient, it is also used in various products like sprays, liquids, creams and applicable to a wide range of creams such as cleaning burns and wounds for disinfecting skin before injections or surgery. Because of its antimicrobial and detergent properties, many shampoos and conditioners also contain this antiseptic as an active ingredient.
Cetrimide is able to harm the cell membranes & destroy the cellular structure of various microorganisms that causes disease including fungi, bacteria & other single cell organisms. Hence it is used as antiseptic agent in manufacturing of medicines. However, it is not effective against all bacteria, or against spores, or viruses. It is sometimes mixed with clorhexidin, another antiseptic, when used to disinfect wounds.
In older days common antiseptics like phenol were used but Cetrimide has replaced those old types of antiseptics. Cetrimide is totally non-toxic so it can be applied to skin directly. Cetrimide is less irritating to skin compared to carbolic acid.. Due to its wide applicability cetrimide is in high demand. There are various cetrimide manufacturers all over. Many medicines & daily lotions, creams includes ceramides in various forms.
Director of Tatva chintan pharma chem says that “since its inception, the company has focused on the production of cetrimide. Cetrimide is available in different customized forms such as Cetrimide IP, Cetrimide BP, Cetrimide USP, Cetrimide EP & are processed under the surveillance of expert professionals.” Tatva chintan pharma chem pvt ltd is a well known name in manufacturing best cetrimide & its forms, Phase transfer catalysts, Bulk API, Epoxy curing catalysts, Wittig salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, Additives for powder coatings, Zeolite templates. Tatva chintan located in Ankleshwar, Gujarat is one of the trusted and leading source for Pharmaceutical & chemical products.
Cetrimide ip/bp/ep, cetrimide usp,cetrimide 40% strong solution bp, Bulk API, Phase transfer catalysts, Cetrimide|Phase Transfer Catalyst(PTC)|cetrimide USP|cetrimide cream|cetrimide test|of cetrimide|centrimide|cetrmide|Phase Transfer Catalyst|PTC|Tetraethylammonium Tetrafluoroborate|Triphenylphosphonium Chloride|phase transfer catalysts|phase transfer catalyst|phase transfer catalysis.
Cetrimide is the most commonly used chemical in pharmaceutical & chemical industry. Due to its ability of being antiseptic agent it is highly demanded in pharmaceutical & chemical companies.
by ryanmcgreevy at 08-01-2013, 04:28 PM
0 comments
An overview of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, its admission procedure, scholarships, latest news, programs, campus culture and enrollment.
Overview and Rank
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private university known for its emphasis on physical sciences and engineering, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is currently the 6th highest ranked university in the United States according to the US News university ranking system. MIT is also rated 1st in the US for scientific impact in all sciences according to the CWTS Leiden ranking system.
![[Image: 800px-MIT_Main_Campus_Aerial.jpg]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/MIT_Main_Campus_Aerial.jpg/800px-MIT_Main_Campus_Aerial.jpg)
View of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's main campus from a helicopter flying over the Charles River.
Admission
Prospective MIT undergraduates can apply using MIT’s online MyMIT system found here: http://goo.gl/RP5of (MIT does not use the common application). Part of the application requires biographical information, a list of activities and coursework you have taken in addition to several short response essays so the admissions office can get to know you as an applicant. In addition, students will need to submit 3 letters of recommendation. One letter must come from one of the student’s past math or sciences teacher, another letter from a past humanities, arts, language or social sciences teacher, and the third must come from a guidance counselor. In addition, applying students must submit SAT or ACT plus Writing scores along with scores from the Math SAT II subject test and Science SAT II subject test (in Physics, Chemistry or Biology). The middle 50% score range for these tests are as follows:
SAT Reasoning Test - Math [740, 800]
SAT Reasoning Test - Critical Reading [680, 780]
SAT Reasoning Test - Writing [690, 790]
ACT Math [34, 36]
ACT English [32, 35]
ACT Composite [32, 35]
SAT Subject Test - Math [760, 800]
SAT Subject Test - Science [740, 800]
For prospective graduate students, specific admissions requirements vary by department but many (including Biology as well as Computational and Systems Biology) require transcripts from an undergraduate institution, 3 letters of recommendation and general GRE scores (subject tests not required but can be submitted).
Enrollment (Fall 2012):
Enrolled Undergraduate Students: 4,503
Enrolled Graduate Students: 6,686
Male: 55%
Female: 45%
Accepted: 8.9%
Cost:
Tuition: $42,050
Room & Board: $12,188
Books/Personal Expenses: $2,772
Total*: $57,010
*83% of MIT undergraduates receive financial aid and have an average cost of $24,410
Financial Aid
MIT only offers need based aid and gives no merit based aid. However, MIT tries to make every accepted student able to afford their studies at MIT, so 83%+ of students are given financial aid. In addition to a FAFSA, every student should also complete and send in a CSS Financial Aid Profile. Considerations for aid rely on family income, assets, and the number of other children in college. The awarded financial aid packages are a combination of grants, loans, scholarships, and student jobs. MIT provides a financial aid calculator which can help prospective students approximate the amount of aid they may receive, located on their website: http://goo.gl/QwVKOy .
Academics and Biotechnology Related Study
MIT has 5 schools which cover 30 programs and departments including undergraduate and graduate studies. Of particular interest to those seeking degrees in biotechnology, MIT has a Department of Biological Engineering which offers undergraduate, master, and PhD degrees. This department fuses molecular life sciences with engineering, with emphasis on advances in bioscience and applied biotechnology. This department is particularly prestigious and one third of the faculty hold membership in one of the major US academies including 6 in the National Academy of Engineering, 5 in the National Academy of Science, 7 in the Institute of Medicine, and 6 in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. The department is also ranked #1 for number of citations per publication among bioengineering departments.
Completion of the undergraduate program yields a Bachelor of Science in Biological Engineering. The program prepares students for careers in industries ranging from pharmaceutical and biotechnology to materials synthesis, microelectronics, biomedical devices, and ecology. This program centers on biological and biochemical sciences integrated with engineering practices. The first two years of study center around biological, chemical and mathematical foundations with more advanced topics covered in electives. These electives are often taught in conjunction with other departments and include:
- Biomechanics & Biophysics
- Biological Instrumentation
- Synthetic Biology & Macromolecular Design
- Computational & Systems Biology
- Human Pathophysiology
- Neurobiology
- Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Cell & Tissue Engineering
- Microbial & Ecological Systems
If a student wishes to major in a different field, such as Biology, Physics, or Mathematics yet still wishes to prepare for work in a biotechnology field, they could also complete one of the two minors offered by the Department of Biological Engineering: Minor Program in Biomedical Engineering and Minor Program in Toxicology and Environmental Health.
The Department of Biomedical Engineering also offers a Master of Engineering in Biological Engineering (a 4 year undergraduate and 1 year graduate program) and several PhD tracks. PhD students in this department can follow the Bioengineering or Applied Biosciences tracks. In addition, this department is a leader in the Computational and Systems Biology PhD, which is a collaboration between Biological Engineering, Biology, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. These PhD tracks have three major research areas with a number of sub-fields in each:
Bioengineering Research
- Molecular, Cell & Tissue Biomechanics
- Cell & Tissue Engineering
- Biomolecular Engineering
- Biomaterials
- Biological Imaging & Functional Measurement
- Biological & Physiological Transport Phenomena
- Biophysics
Applied Biosciences Research
- Genetic Toxicology
- Metabolism of Drugs & Toxins
- Microbial Pathogenesis
- Carcinogenesis
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology
Bioengineering & Applied Biosciences Research
- Genomics, Proteomics and Glycomics
- Discovery & Delivery of Molecular Therapeutics
- Macromolecular Biochemistry & Biophysics
- Computational Modeling of Biological Systems
- Nanoscale Engineering of Biological Systems
Students at all levels in the Department of Biological Engineering have access to research opportunities across many laboratories and research centers including the Center for Biomedical Engineering, the Center for Environmental Health Sciences, the Center for Emergent Behavior of Integrative Cellular Systems, the Center for Gynepathology Research, the Synthetic Biology Center, and the Division of Comparative Medicine. PhD students also have access to several training programs that provide more cross disciplinary and rigorous educations than normal track programs.
Culture and Campus
MIT is located on 168 acres in Cambridge, Massachusetts (just north of Boston) which is also home to Harvard University. While dormitory housing is guaranteed for 4 years for all undergraduate students, there are 36 fraternities, sororities and independent living groups. MIT has over 380 student activity groups including an annual entrepreneurship competition, which is popular due to a very prominent entrepreneurial culture at MIT. Transportation around Cambridge can be achieved through the extensive public buses, subway, commuter rail and ferries of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Walking is also a popular mode of transportation in Cambridge, as it is ranked first in the US for percentage of people who walk to work. There is some intercity transportation to the nearby city of Boston, the largest in Massachusetts and location of the closest major airport, Logan International. In addition to the normal dining, music, theater and other cultural attractions of a major city, Boston also has a number of historical sites due to it being one of the oldest cities in the United States. Boston and Cambridge both have a large number of historical houses, some of which date to the 1700s.
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co...Aerial.jpg - by DrKenneth - Creative Commons-licensed content
Overview and Rank
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private university known for its emphasis on physical sciences and engineering, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is currently the 6th highest ranked university in the United States according to the US News university ranking system. MIT is also rated 1st in the US for scientific impact in all sciences according to the CWTS Leiden ranking system.
View of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's main campus from a helicopter flying over the Charles River.
Admission
Prospective MIT undergraduates can apply using MIT’s online MyMIT system found here: http://goo.gl/RP5of (MIT does not use the common application). Part of the application requires biographical information, a list of activities and coursework you have taken in addition to several short response essays so the admissions office can get to know you as an applicant. In addition, students will need to submit 3 letters of recommendation. One letter must come from one of the student’s past math or sciences teacher, another letter from a past humanities, arts, language or social sciences teacher, and the third must come from a guidance counselor. In addition, applying students must submit SAT or ACT plus Writing scores along with scores from the Math SAT II subject test and Science SAT II subject test (in Physics, Chemistry or Biology). The middle 50% score range for these tests are as follows:
SAT Reasoning Test - Math [740, 800]
SAT Reasoning Test - Critical Reading [680, 780]
SAT Reasoning Test - Writing [690, 790]
ACT Math [34, 36]
ACT English [32, 35]
ACT Composite [32, 35]
SAT Subject Test - Math [760, 800]
SAT Subject Test - Science [740, 800]
For prospective graduate students, specific admissions requirements vary by department but many (including Biology as well as Computational and Systems Biology) require transcripts from an undergraduate institution, 3 letters of recommendation and general GRE scores (subject tests not required but can be submitted).
Enrollment (Fall 2012):
Enrolled Undergraduate Students: 4,503
Enrolled Graduate Students: 6,686
Male: 55%
Female: 45%
Accepted: 8.9%
Cost:
Tuition: $42,050
Room & Board: $12,188
Books/Personal Expenses: $2,772
Total*: $57,010
*83% of MIT undergraduates receive financial aid and have an average cost of $24,410
Financial Aid
MIT only offers need based aid and gives no merit based aid. However, MIT tries to make every accepted student able to afford their studies at MIT, so 83%+ of students are given financial aid. In addition to a FAFSA, every student should also complete and send in a CSS Financial Aid Profile. Considerations for aid rely on family income, assets, and the number of other children in college. The awarded financial aid packages are a combination of grants, loans, scholarships, and student jobs. MIT provides a financial aid calculator which can help prospective students approximate the amount of aid they may receive, located on their website: http://goo.gl/QwVKOy .
Academics and Biotechnology Related Study
MIT has 5 schools which cover 30 programs and departments including undergraduate and graduate studies. Of particular interest to those seeking degrees in biotechnology, MIT has a Department of Biological Engineering which offers undergraduate, master, and PhD degrees. This department fuses molecular life sciences with engineering, with emphasis on advances in bioscience and applied biotechnology. This department is particularly prestigious and one third of the faculty hold membership in one of the major US academies including 6 in the National Academy of Engineering, 5 in the National Academy of Science, 7 in the Institute of Medicine, and 6 in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. The department is also ranked #1 for number of citations per publication among bioengineering departments.
Completion of the undergraduate program yields a Bachelor of Science in Biological Engineering. The program prepares students for careers in industries ranging from pharmaceutical and biotechnology to materials synthesis, microelectronics, biomedical devices, and ecology. This program centers on biological and biochemical sciences integrated with engineering practices. The first two years of study center around biological, chemical and mathematical foundations with more advanced topics covered in electives. These electives are often taught in conjunction with other departments and include:
- Biomechanics & Biophysics
- Biological Instrumentation
- Synthetic Biology & Macromolecular Design
- Computational & Systems Biology
- Human Pathophysiology
- Neurobiology
- Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Cell & Tissue Engineering
- Microbial & Ecological Systems
If a student wishes to major in a different field, such as Biology, Physics, or Mathematics yet still wishes to prepare for work in a biotechnology field, they could also complete one of the two minors offered by the Department of Biological Engineering: Minor Program in Biomedical Engineering and Minor Program in Toxicology and Environmental Health.
The Department of Biomedical Engineering also offers a Master of Engineering in Biological Engineering (a 4 year undergraduate and 1 year graduate program) and several PhD tracks. PhD students in this department can follow the Bioengineering or Applied Biosciences tracks. In addition, this department is a leader in the Computational and Systems Biology PhD, which is a collaboration between Biological Engineering, Biology, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. These PhD tracks have three major research areas with a number of sub-fields in each:
Bioengineering Research
- Molecular, Cell & Tissue Biomechanics
- Cell & Tissue Engineering
- Biomolecular Engineering
- Biomaterials
- Biological Imaging & Functional Measurement
- Biological & Physiological Transport Phenomena
- Biophysics
Applied Biosciences Research
- Genetic Toxicology
- Metabolism of Drugs & Toxins
- Microbial Pathogenesis
- Carcinogenesis
- Molecular Epidemiology
- Molecular Pharmacology & Toxicology
Bioengineering & Applied Biosciences Research
- Genomics, Proteomics and Glycomics
- Discovery & Delivery of Molecular Therapeutics
- Macromolecular Biochemistry & Biophysics
- Computational Modeling of Biological Systems
- Nanoscale Engineering of Biological Systems
Students at all levels in the Department of Biological Engineering have access to research opportunities across many laboratories and research centers including the Center for Biomedical Engineering, the Center for Environmental Health Sciences, the Center for Emergent Behavior of Integrative Cellular Systems, the Center for Gynepathology Research, the Synthetic Biology Center, and the Division of Comparative Medicine. PhD students also have access to several training programs that provide more cross disciplinary and rigorous educations than normal track programs.
Culture and Campus
MIT is located on 168 acres in Cambridge, Massachusetts (just north of Boston) which is also home to Harvard University. While dormitory housing is guaranteed for 4 years for all undergraduate students, there are 36 fraternities, sororities and independent living groups. MIT has over 380 student activity groups including an annual entrepreneurship competition, which is popular due to a very prominent entrepreneurial culture at MIT. Transportation around Cambridge can be achieved through the extensive public buses, subway, commuter rail and ferries of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Walking is also a popular mode of transportation in Cambridge, as it is ranked first in the US for percentage of people who walk to work. There is some intercity transportation to the nearby city of Boston, the largest in Massachusetts and location of the closest major airport, Logan International. In addition to the normal dining, music, theater and other cultural attractions of a major city, Boston also has a number of historical sites due to it being one of the oldest cities in the United States. Boston and Cambridge both have a large number of historical houses, some of which date to the 1700s.
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co...Aerial.jpg - by DrKenneth - Creative Commons-licensed content
by Ocimum123 at 08-01-2013, 03:05 PM
0 comments
Hyderabad, India and Houston, TX, USA, August 1 2013: Ocimum Biosolutions announces its entry into the Core Facility Management Software space with the launch of its new product Facility Tracker™ today. This is a cloud-based, ready to use software for academic, R&D, CRO, hospitals, manufacturing, and QA&QC core facilities across various industry types. Its competitive advantages include options to interface with electronic lab note and to scale up to Ocimum’s powerful and popular laboratory information management system (LIMS), Biotracker™.
Mr. Subash Lingareddy, CFO and President of Ocimum Biosolutions, said, “Facility Tracker™ is our solution to manage core facilities and their customers , identified from our 12+ years of experience in running and working with core facilities”.
Mr. Sridhar Reddy, Senior Vice-President, Bio-IT operations said, “With Facility Tracker™ we have an unmatched system especially made for core facilities, and it integrates seamlessly with Biotracker™ ”.
About Facility Tracker™
Facility Tracker™ is an innovative and intuitive core facility management software developed by Ocimum Biosolutions. Facility Tracker™ automates and streamlines processes with increased communication and connectivity within and outside a core facility, while saving time and costs. Available as an on-premise or SaaS model, Facility Tracker™ works best in all popular browsers, desktops, laptops tablets and other smart devices supported. It offers a gamut of features including user, instrument, inventory, sample, customer, and service request management; resource scheduling; results and reports tracking; notifications; invoicing; and reporting. In addition, Facility Tracker™ is compliant with standards such as GLP, GXP, and 21 CFR Part 11. These advantages come from Biotracker™ technology, using which Facility Tracker™ was built.
For more information, visit http://www.lims.ocimumbio.com/facility-tracker
About Ocimum Biosolutions
Ocimum Biosolutions is a leading integrated global genomics company with solutions spanning Data Analytics and Big Data; Laboratory, Sample & Data Management; and Integrated Solutions. Ocimum provides comprehensive genomic reference databases; data analysis; life science LIMS solutions and Core Facility Management solutions. Ocimum products and solutions are trusted by majority of top 25 hospitals and biotech, CRO, agri-biotech, &pharma companies worldwide. Ocimum has received several awards including “Bioinformatics Company of the Year” awards for 2010 and 2011, from BioSpectrum, “Fastest Growing Life Sciences Company in India”, " Customer Value Enhancement Award for Laboratory Information Management in India” by Frost and Sullivan in 2012, " Red Herring Asia 100, “IT Innovation Award” by NASSCOM and has been named in the Deloitte list of Fastest Growing companies in Asia, four years in a row.
For more information, visit www3.ocimumbio.com
Mr. Subash Lingareddy, CFO and President of Ocimum Biosolutions, said, “Facility Tracker™ is our solution to manage core facilities and their customers , identified from our 12+ years of experience in running and working with core facilities”.
Mr. Sridhar Reddy, Senior Vice-President, Bio-IT operations said, “With Facility Tracker™ we have an unmatched system especially made for core facilities, and it integrates seamlessly with Biotracker™ ”.
About Facility Tracker™
Facility Tracker™ is an innovative and intuitive core facility management software developed by Ocimum Biosolutions. Facility Tracker™ automates and streamlines processes with increased communication and connectivity within and outside a core facility, while saving time and costs. Available as an on-premise or SaaS model, Facility Tracker™ works best in all popular browsers, desktops, laptops tablets and other smart devices supported. It offers a gamut of features including user, instrument, inventory, sample, customer, and service request management; resource scheduling; results and reports tracking; notifications; invoicing; and reporting. In addition, Facility Tracker™ is compliant with standards such as GLP, GXP, and 21 CFR Part 11. These advantages come from Biotracker™ technology, using which Facility Tracker™ was built.
For more information, visit http://www.lims.ocimumbio.com/facility-tracker
About Ocimum Biosolutions
Ocimum Biosolutions is a leading integrated global genomics company with solutions spanning Data Analytics and Big Data; Laboratory, Sample & Data Management; and Integrated Solutions. Ocimum provides comprehensive genomic reference databases; data analysis; life science LIMS solutions and Core Facility Management solutions. Ocimum products and solutions are trusted by majority of top 25 hospitals and biotech, CRO, agri-biotech, &pharma companies worldwide. Ocimum has received several awards including “Bioinformatics Company of the Year” awards for 2010 and 2011, from BioSpectrum, “Fastest Growing Life Sciences Company in India”, " Customer Value Enhancement Award for Laboratory Information Management in India” by Frost and Sullivan in 2012, " Red Herring Asia 100, “IT Innovation Award” by NASSCOM and has been named in the Deloitte list of Fastest Growing companies in Asia, four years in a row.
For more information, visit www3.ocimumbio.com
by charlie at 07-30-2013, 06:36 AM
1 comments
We used cre-loxp technology to knockout one gene in mouse brain. We have confirmed the targeted gene was knockout at first two weeks after this gene deletion at protein and mRNA level. But I can not confirm it after 3 and 9 month of gene deletion.
Cre induced recombination is permanent and it cannot reverse later. But now how to explain our experiment? What are the possible reasons?
Cre induced recombination is permanent and it cannot reverse later. But now how to explain our experiment? What are the possible reasons?
by DanBayley at 07-26-2013, 10:43 PM
1 comments
Hey, I came across this idea that sounded cool but I never realised it was necessary in the medical world.
Basically, this small, passive mixer is used to mix and keep medicines in suspension form. The details are here: http://marblar.com/challenge/Micro-mixer/idea/1251
Really, I was curious as to how necessary this is. I mean, once you mix together IV fluids, don't they just stay mixed. Maybe this isn't a great idea for this device?
Basically, this small, passive mixer is used to mix and keep medicines in suspension form. The details are here: http://marblar.com/challenge/Micro-mixer/idea/1251
Really, I was curious as to how necessary this is. I mean, once you mix together IV fluids, don't they just stay mixed. Maybe this isn't a great idea for this device?
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