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Probiotics are microorganisms such as bacteria or yeasts that are found naturally and are believed to have beneficial health effect. Probiotics are also referred as “good bacteria” and are available in yogurts and dietary supplements and other products such as creams and suppositories. There are different types of probiotics, with various their benefits to health that are determined by the role they play in the gut. Probiotics must be identified by their genus, species, and strain level. The two most important probiotic bacteria belong to Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium, group. Besides, some other probiotics are Streptococcus thermophilus, Leuconostoc, Enterococcus faecium, Saccharomyces boulardii.

Probiotic formulations have been found quite promising as far as health care is concerned, however, strong scientific evidence regarding specific application of probiotics for most health conditions is still lacking. Investigations suggest that probiotics may have fewer side effects. Probiotics may be quite dangerous for patients with weak immune systems or having seriously ill health.
It is absolutely necessary to consult health care professionals before considering a probiotic supplement. It is not recommended to quit any medically proven treatments with any unproven supplements. Although still being investigated, probiotics may help fight several disorders such as:

• Diarrhea in children
  
• Ulcerative colitis
  
• Infantile enterocolitis
  
• Diarrhea from antibiotic
  
• Intestinal inflammation following intestinal surgery referred to as pouchitis
  
• Eczema from cow’s milk allergy
  
• Immune system related problems
  
• Irritable bowel syndrome
  
• Vaginitis
  
• Crohn's disease
  

Concept of probiotics was first introduced in the early 20th century by Nobel laureate Elie Metchnikoff, also known as “father of probiotics”. According to him microorganisms could play a critical part in prevention of health associated problems in humans.
The human body, especially the gut or the lower gastrointestinal tract comprises of a complex and diverse group of bacteria. It is estimated that in a healthy adult, number of microbial cells outnumber the number of human cells by a factor of ten to one. Although some bacteria are considered as harmful germs a large group of bacteria has actually been observed to help proper functioning of the body. Various possible mechanisms behind the effect of probiotics in human health have been suggested. These include alteration of an intestinal microecology as for example a reduction of harmful intestinal microorganisms and stimulating the immune response of the body. Foods containing natural probiotics include yogurt, aged cheeses, kefir, Sauerkraut, Miso, Tempeh, some of the soy beverages. Some probiotic-fortified products are also available such as chocolates, juices, cereals and flour.