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Metagenomics- Genetic Mapping of all Microorganims
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Metagenomics : The transformation of modern microbiology.

Since the invention of microscope to the revolutionize knowledge of microbiology and microbial world, the emerging field of metagenomics can bring transformation in the modern microbiology. This has been again confirmed by the new report from the National research council. The Metagenomics is the emerging field where in the DNA of entire strains and communities of microorganisms are being studied in detail. This is obviously the greatest of opportunities to learn and apply microbiology for the well being of mankind. Metagenomics is nothing different than Human Genome project in this, genetic mapping of entire microbial community is being done. This further calls for a initiative to drive advances in this field of microbial mapping, globally. The mapping of genetic code of microorganism will not only give us details of the genetic materials but also this knowledge can be applied in various fields like Medical, Pharmaceutical, Agriculture and even in developments of innovative products.

Microorganisms are important in maintaining the chemical balance in the nature and atmosphere, also microorganisms has helped a lot to transform key elements of earth into energy, providing nutrients to plant and animals and other necessary nutrients for survival of plant and animals. Today Microbes are used in production of biofuels, antibiotics, remediating oil spills, and agriculture and plant enhancement.

Microorganims are studied by using microscope and it has been understood that not only individual organism perform essential activities, but it is the combination of complex enzymatic reactions carried out by group of organism. Microorganims are grown in various selective media and their cultural characteristics are identified. They are thus differentiated and the useful are isolated. The knowledge of Genetic Mapping of such organism will help to understand their relationship during complex reactions. This can further help in aligning the systems and production of required bio-molecules.
With Metagenomics we can see into the previously invisible world of microorganism, opening new dimensions of unimaginable science which was not understood until recently. This Shedding light of new microbial activities and genetics will help in developing new concepts as well as can be applied practically. The best example of such genomic study is of Nif Gene, these genes are present in microbes found in leguminous plant. These bacteria with Nif gene transform atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate. This knowledge came into light only after the discovery of Nif Gene. This knowledge further was applied in biotechnology and tissue culture. With this, many other plants without these types of bacteria were made capable of Transforming atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate. This helped to meet the vetegation requirements of earth and thus further maintained various natural cycles. If metagenomics can identify such important genes in microbial world, this can further be applied for benefits of all life forms on the earth including, plants and animals. This symbiosis of bacteria and humans, plant and animals always remained from ancient time but metagenomics can bring a revolution in such associations.

The study of Genetic material of microorganism starts with extraction of DNA from microbes and this is the basics of metgenomic study. One such sample could contain even millions of fragmenst of DNA. All these are cloned into a form. Such forms can be easily maintained in the laboratory and can be used as and when required. Such bacteria are used as a library which includes genomes of all the microbes which are found in same habitat. This is the most common or natural environment of the organism. Such metagenomic jigsaw puzzles are solved with the help of modern DNA sequencing technology and super computers. These are compared with gene sequences of previously unknown microorganism and thus help genetic engineer to screen bacteria that express protein and are capable of production of vitamins and other useful antibiotics.

During this project, care is taken to characterize in detail chosen microbial community those are present in various habitats worldwide. Such project unit scientist from all over the world and the mass knowledge gives a fine way to success. The great thing about such projects is that the completion of this project is not success, but it is a beginning of success and has multiple opportunities ahead with this base. During this project, brain storming can help to work out on soil and seawater issue, environmental issue like sludge processing apart from other developing fields of science.

This project work would serve as database and as a incubators for the development of technique and new concepts in various field of science. The availability of such data to public will enhance researcher which can be used in their research. This database will not only include gene sequences but also information on Sampling, DNA extraction techniques and all other details of project.
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