Contact:
sales@biotechnologyforums.com to feature here

Thread Rating:
  • 0 Vote(s) - 0 Average
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
Genome mapping
#1
Hello
I have questions related to Genome mapping.
1.what is genome mapping
2.what is genome mapping used for?
3.what are the techniques used
4.case study related to genome mapping

Thank you
Like Post Reply
#2
Genome mapping means determining the entire nucleotide sequence of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the genome in question, thereby producing a ‘map’ of that genome. It is used mainly to provide insights into how the organism for which the genome has been mapped ‘works’, for example in terms of the genes that pre-dispose the organism to different diseases or that help in the fight against infections. A genome map allows the position of a gene to be determined even if there is nothing known about its function. It also aims to help give insight into the possible functions of the so-called ‘junk’ DNA which does not form parts of protein-encoding genes; in the human genome, for example, approximately 98% of the genome consists of non-coding ‘junk’ DNA. However, this ‘junk’ DNA is not without function. For example, it includes transcription factors that control the switching on and off of genes at appropriate times in development and in appropriate cell types. A very useful resource in this context is the The ENCODE Project (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) Human Genome Research Institute (http://www.genome.gov/). Genome mapping therefore helps to make sense of both the coding and non-coding DNA and begin to understand functionality.

Techniques used in the human genome mapping projects include DNA sequencing, especially shotgun sequencing in which the genome is broken up into smaller, more manageable sequences. In whole genome shotgun sequencing distinctive features on the genome map are used as landmarks so that the master sequence can be accurately assembled from the numerous short sequences. This method is difficult in complex genomes due to the preponderance of repetitive sequences. This makes it imperative to generate a genome map in advance of sequencing. Reference to the map helps ensure that regions containing repetitive DNA are assembled correctly. However, there is still debate on the accuracy of this method. Another approach is the clone contig approach. This involves breaking the genome into manageable segments ranging from a few hundred kb to a few Mb in length. Sequences of this length can be sequenced accurately by the shotgun method. A sequenced segment is placed in its correct map location in a step-by-step process that is more time-consuming but more accurate than whole-genome shotgun sequencing. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation allows determination of position of markers in the genome. Markers called sequence tagged sites, which can be amplified by PCR, are commonly used as markers. This is a good resource summarising the projects in which the human genome was sequenced and the techniques used: http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage...-human-828

Since the human genome was sequenced genome wide association studies have become more widespread in order to identify genes associated with disease, for example; this resource provides a good summary: http://www.genetics.org/content/187/2/367.full For a case study related to genome mapping have a look at this resource which gives a lot of examples: http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/hugenet/CaseStudy/
Like Post Reply
  

Possibly Related Threads…
Thread
Author
  /  
Last Post
Replies: 0
Views: 4,596
02-16-2016, 07:26 PM
Last PostManchanst
Replies: 0
Views: 15,607
01-25-2013, 07:37 AM
Last Postbubble885



Users browsing this thread:
1 Guest(s)

Genome mapping00