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Tumour cell movement from the fruit fly
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Researchers in the Morphogenesis in Drosophila lab at Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Barcelona (IRB Barcelona) have used the similarities between tracheal development in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and bronchial development in humans to propose a novel new idea about how groups of cells move as a unit in tissue formation. The results of their experiments, published this week in the Journal of Cell Science, could have implications in understanding more about both normal tissue development but also about how angiogenesis, or formation of new blood vessels, occurs during benign tumour transformation to malignancy.

The group tracked a group of seven cells in vivo over seven hours during formation of a Drosophila melanogaster tracheal branch. They found that movement of the whole group of cells was triggered by one ‘leader’ which was the only one to express receptors for fibroblast growth factor (FGF). FGF initiates a signalling pathway within the leader cell that results in it promoting the motility of the entire group. This work, which is the first to show this kind of mass movement triggered by a single cell, should give novel insights into the synchronised movements of groups of cells which are key to angiogenesis during malign tumour formation. The work is unique in that it was carried out entirely in vivo. How cells move as a group and form new capillaries is an area of intense interest in the field of tumourigenesis research. Having this kind of information should in the future contribute to therapeutic manipulation of angiogenesis in the tumour development pathway in a focused and subtle fashion.

Sources

Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). "Insight on cell migration, movement of cancer cells." ScienceDaily, 21 Nov. 2013. [Accessed 25 November 2013].

LEBRETON, G. and CASANOVA J., 2013. Specification of leading and trailing cell features during collective migration in the Drosophila trachea. J Cell Sci., November 2013
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